Originally published in 1978, the main task of this book was to consider the psychology of thinking in relation to the various perspectives from which thought processes were studied at the time. It provided an up-to-date and critical evaluation of current experimental studies of thinking organized within a framework which reflects the separate theoretical orientations and methodologies through which these investigations are carried out. This approach will help the reader to become aware of the complex relationship between the theoretical orientations, the problems selected for investigation and the methods used for studying them. An important underlying theme of the book concerns the relationship between the activities of the thinker and the demands of his environment. As far as is known, this was the only textbook on thinking to deal with the subject matter specifically in terms of theoretical approaches and methods of investigation at the time.

"What does it mean to be a realist about science if one takes seriously the view that scientific knowledge is always perspectival, namely historically and culturally situated? In this book, Michela Massimi articulates an original answer to this question. The book begins with an exploration of how scientific communities often resort to several models and a plurality of practices in some areas of inquiry, drawing on examples from nuclear physics, climate science, and developmental psychology. Taking this plurality in science as a starting point, Massimi explains the perspectival nature of scientific representation, the role of scientific models as inferential blueprints, and the variety of scientific realism that naturally accompanies such a view. Perspectival realism is realism about phenomena (rather than about theories or unobservable entities). The book defends this novel realist view, which places epistemic communities and their situated knowledge center stage. The result is a portrait of scientific knowledge as a collaborative inquiry, where the reliability of science is made possible by a plurality of historically and culturally situated scientific perspectives. Along the way, Massimi offers insights into the nature of scientific modelling, scientific knowledge qua modal knowledge, data-to-phenomena inferences, and natural kinds as sortal concepts. Perspectival realism is ultimately realism that takes the multicultural nature of science seriously and couples it with cosmopolitan duties about how one ought to think about scientific knowledge and the distribution of the benefits resulting from scientific advancements"--

Recanati examines the nature of thought and understanding, and defends the idea that truth is relative to context. The book will be of interest to those working in philosophy of language and linguistics, as well as philosophers of mind epistemologists, and psychologists and cognitive scientists.

Author and former literary agent Nathan Bransford shares his secrets for creating killer plots, fleshing out your first ideas, crafting compelling characters, and staying sane in the process. Read the guide that New York Times bestselling author Ransom Riggs called "The best how-to-write-a-novel book I've read."

It's a Game Changer! "In sports, we often hear the term, 'game changer.' This book is just that. After reading this book, I assure you that you will find two things: yourself and your purpose!" --Thomas R. Williams-Worldwide public speaker, Author of Permission to Dream: I Can, I Will, I Did, Former NFL Linebacker and Four-Time Rose Bowl Champion "Powerful yet humble, authoritative yet gentle, Mr. Davis offers practical scriptural insight that challenges you to reexamine your ways to fulfill dreams and commit to a life of victory." --Lowell Rose, Cornerback, Miami Dolphins "This gem of a book, based in Christianity, will help clarify your individual path to greatness no matter the loftiness of your goals. Through numerous examples, it conveys that what you want for your life and what God wants for your life are not mutually exclusive." --Jolie Oliver, Actor, Director, Writer, Producer, Stand-Up Comic "In life you will come across very few things that profoundly change you. For me, one of those things is this book. You will uncover a...deeply powerful message that will positively reshape everything that you believe about commitment and success." --Bruce Davis II-Actor, Former NFL Linebacker, Super Bowl XLIII Champion, Two Time UCLA Football All-American "We have people in our lives every day motivating us, but this book breaks down the faith aspect of being motivated. If you believe in yourself, do what you love, and only seek approval from God, He will order your steps. Great read." --Aundre Dean-Rose Bowl Champion, Actor on E!'s Escape Club and Carter High Movie

Blending the lessons of psychotherapy with Buddhist teachings, Mark Epstein offers a revolutionary understanding of what constitutes a healthy emotional life The line between psychology and spirituality has blurred, as clinicians, their patients, and religious seekers explore new perspectives on the self. A landmark contribution to the field of psychoanalysis, Thoughts Without a Thinker describes the unique psychological contributions offered by the teachings of Buddhism. Drawing upon his own experiences as a psychotherapist and meditator, New York-based psychiatrist Mark Epstein lays out the path to meditation-inspired healing, and offers a revolutionary new understanding of what constitutes a healthy emotional life.

Perfect for the student who wants to learn to be a more active, intelligent film viewer, this supplement encourages critically thinking about films and also explains how to write a film review. The booklet also includes two helpful appendices, one with a list of essential films that serious movie watchers should see and the other with additional readings to help students keep learning.

Perspective has been a divided subject, orphaned among various disciplines from philosophy to gardening. In the first book to bring together recent thinking on perspective from such fields as art history, literary theory, aesthetics, psychology, and the history of mathematics, James Elkins leads us to a new understanding of how we talk about pictures. Elkins provides an abundantly illustrated history of the theory and practice of perspective. Looking at key texts from the Renaissance to the present, he traces a fundamental historical change that took place in the way in which perspective was conceptualized; first a technique for constructing pictures, it slowly became a metaphor for subjectivity. That gradual transformation, he observes, has led to the rifts that today separate those who understand perspective as a historical or formal property of pictures from those who see it as a linguistic, cognitive, or epistemological metaphor. Elkins considers how the principal concepts of perspective have been rewritten in work by Erwin Panofsky, Hubert Damisch, Martin Jay, Paul Ricoeur, Jacques Lacan, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and E. H. Gombrich. The Poetics of Perspective illustrates that perspective is an unusual kind of subject: it exists as a coherent idea, but no one discipline offers an adequate exposition of it. Rather than presenting perspective as a resonant metaphor for subjectivity, a painter's tool without meaning, a disused historical practice, or a model for vision and representation, Elkins proposes a comprehensive revaluation. The perspective he describes is at once a series of specific pictorial decisions and a powerful figure for our knowledge of the world.

Perspective determines how we, as viewers, perceive painting. We can convince ourselves that a painting of a bowl of fruit or a man in a room appears to be real by the way these objects are rendered. Likewise, the trick of perspective can prevent us from being absorbed in a scene. Connecting contemporary critical theory with close readings of seventeenth-century Dutch visual culture, The Rhetoric of Perspective puts forth the claim that painting is a form of thinking and that perspective functions as the language of the image. Aided by a stunning full-color gallery, Hanneke Grootenboer proposes a new theory of perspective based on the phenomenological aspects of non-narrative still-life, trompe l'oeil, and anamorphic imagery. Drawing on playful and mesmerizing baroque images, Grootenboer characterizes what she calls their "sophisticated deceit," asserting that painting is more about visual representation than about its supposed objects. Offering an original theory of perspective's impact on pictorial representation, the act of looking, and the understanding of truth in painting, Grootenboer shows how these paintings both question the status of representation and explore the limits and credibility of perception. “An elegant and honourable synthesis.”—Keith Miller, Times Literary Supplement

Out-of-this-world antics in this hysterical middle-grade adventure! Sixth-grader Jacob Wonderbar is a master when it comes to disarming and annihilating substitute teachers. But when he and his best friends, Sarah and Dexter, swap a spaceship for a corn dog, they embark on an outer space adventure. And between breaking the universe with an epic explosion, being kidnapped by a space pirate, and surviving a planet that reeks of burp breath, Jacob and his friends are in way over their heads. Action packed with an added dose of heart, Jacob Wonderbar and the Cosmic Space Kapow is sure to captivate middlegrade readers all over the universe.