Together with Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton, the Guest editors of this issue, from the University of Colorado School of Medicine, have secured expert authors to provide updated clinical review articles in the area of pediatric cardiology. Specific topics include: Evaluation of Cardiac Murmur and chest pain; Palpitations and Syncope; Update on Management of Kawasaki Disease; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Myocarditis/Pericarditis; Update on Infective Endocarditis; Update on Pediatric Heart Failure; Update on Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension; Update on Preventative Cardiology; Common Left to Right Shunt Lesions; Outcomes in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; Outcomes in Adult Congenital Heart Disease (Neurocognitive Issues and Transition); Innovations in Pediatric Cardiology; The Next Frontier in Pediatric Cardiology: Artificial Intelligence. Readers will come away with the latest clinical coverage of diagnosis and treatment for pediatric cardiology issues.

In this issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Mary Lieh-Lai and Katherine Cashen bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Pediatric Critical Care. The most common indications for admission to the PICU include respiratory disease, cardiac disease, and neurologic disorders. In this issue, top experts in the field provide current clinical knowledge about these admissions as well as other important critical care admissions, including COVID-19. - Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including PICU pharmacology; COVID-19 in children; mechanical ventilation and respiratory support of critically ill children; cardiovascular critical care in children; neurocritical care in children; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on pediatric critical care, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

In collaboration with Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton, Drs. Max J. Coppes and Leontien Kremer have created a comprehensive issue devoted to Challenges After treatment for Childhood Cancer. They have selected top experts to provide current clinical reviews for clinicians. Articles are specifically devoted to the following topics: Stories from survivors and introduction to survivorship; What we know about survivors and how we know this: Early studies, early cohorts, registries and current cohorts of survivors; Radiotherapy and late effects; Guidelines for survivorship care after childhood cancer; Lifestyle, fatigue, social integration in survivors; Psychological & neurocognitive health; Second cancer risk: Risk, exposures, genetics; Cardiovascular and pulmonary disease; Fertility and reproductive complications; Endocrine health conditions; Renal and hepatic health after childhood cancer; Hearing and other neurologic problems; and The future of survivorship. Pediatricians will come away with clinical updates that they need to improve patient outcomes.

Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Bonita Stanton, Drs. Steven Kairys and Arturo Brito have put together a comprehensive issue that addresses Vulnerable Children in the United States. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Outcomes; Abuse and Neglect/Foster Care/Family Violence; Homelessness/Street/Children/Undocumented/Community Violence; 20 Questions (and Answers) About Media Violence and Cyberbullying; Autism as a Representative of Disability; Addiction including Tobacco and Drugs in Children; Food Insecurity and the Impact on Child Health; Guns and School Violence; The Vulnerability of Children; The Vulnerability of LGBTQ Children; Implicit Bias Impact on Children; Supporting Immigrant Children and Youth: What Pediatricians Can Do; and Human Trafficking. Readers will come away with the information they need to improve outcomes in vulnerable pediatric patients.

Children in developing countries continue to be susceptible to infectious and non-infectious disorders that lead to growth retardation, cognitive impairment and high infant and childhood mortality. Clinical, epidemiologic and pathogenetic studies are providing opportunities to intervene against these disorders as never before. In this issue, international experts in child health offer their perspectives on the problems of greatest import to the health of children growing up in impoverished environments. Opportunities for research and intervention are particularly emphasized. Articles are specifically devoted to the following topics: Child Health and Survival in a Changing World; Childhood Nutrition and Growth; Children with Disabilities in the Developing Nations; The Burden of Enteropathy and Subclinical Infections; Malaria in Children; The Unholy Trinity: Nematode Infections in Developing Countries; The Burden and Etiology of Diarrheal Illness in Developing Countries; Intestinal Protozoal Infections; Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections; Primary Bacteremia and Meningitis in Developing Countries; Neonatal and Perinatal Infections; HIV in Developing Countries; and Tuberculosis in Children.

In this issue of Pediatric Clinics, Guest Editors Roger W. Apple, Cheryl A. Dickson, and Maria Demma Cabral bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Integrated Behavioral Health in Pediatric Practice. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as the need for IBH in pediatric primary care, IBH in pediatric residency clinics, the past and current role of pediatric psychologists in IBH within medical subspecialties, and more. - Provides concise and comprehensive coverage of the issues physicians face every day. - Presents the latest information on a timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. - Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including definitions and contexts; history of pediatrics and the development of IBH; common behavioral concerns; BHC roles and responsibilities; and more.

In collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Bonita Stanton, the Guest Editors of this issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America have comprehensively review the current and future opportunities for implementing telehealth into pediatric practice. Expert authors have written review articles that provide information based on current knowledge of implementation of technologies but also ask questions about how to implement and what potential challenges there will be. Articles are specifically devoted to: Overview of Telehealth for Pediatricians; Role of Doctor—Patient Relationship in Telehealth; Design Purpose and Design Thinking for Telehealth; How to Implement Telehealth in Pediatrics; Issues Related to Adoption of Health Apps and Telemedicine Programs; Workforce Trends and Business Model for Telehealth; Moral, Political and Economic and Social Dilemmas of Telehealth; Automated Digital Health with Big Data, Predictive Analytics and AI; Tele-rounds and Cased-Based Training; Role of Text-messaging and Messaging apps in telehealth; High-Quality Telehealth Training Programs; Technical and Regulatory Issues of Telehealth Medicine; and Global Health Perspective on Telehealth. Pediatricians will come away with the information they need to employ telemedicine in their clinical practice

The Guest Editor of this issue is a pediatric emergency medicine specialist and the Chief Medical Officer at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. He is very involved in the medical record and other electronic devices as safety measures. He brings his expertise and breadth of knowledge to the Pediatric Clinics of North America to assemble a stand out list of authors who have contributed articles on Pediatric Safety, Quality & Informatics. In this issue, articles are devoted to Big Data and the role of Predictive Analytics in Pediatrics; Research in Pediatric IT- the present and the future; Quality Care and Patient Safety in the pediatric emergency department; Safety & Quality metrics for Pediatric Hospital Medicine; Clinical Effectiveness Guidelines- Easy to Create but Hard to Implement; Advanced Technology in the pediatric ICUs; Measurement, Standards and Peer Benchmarking in Pediatric Safety & Quality: One hospital’s journey; Clinical Informatics and its role in the care of children; Pediatric Safety & Quality: A nursing perspective; Pediatric Telehealth: opportunities and challenges; and Fundamentals of Quality Improvement: How to do pediatric QI research.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic.Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize

Most physicians entering the field of pediatric cardiology are drawn to it by an interest in the wide variety of congenital heart defects which present at various ages. Most congenital heart disease will be evident in early life, presenting with cyanosis, heart murmur, congestive heart failure or shock. Textbooks in pediatric cardiology are filled overwhelmingly with chapters on the various congenital heart lesions which are encountered, both rare and common. However, practicing pediatric cardiologists will be quick to point out that a significant number of referrals to any practice do not involve congenital heart problems. Reviewing our own statistics at the Children’s Hospital of Michigan Cardiology Center for the past two years (2010-2012) reveals that outpatient visits for new patient consultations examined by age groups are: less than 1 year of age – 11%; 1-5 years – 23%; 6-10 years – 21%; 11-18 years – 45%. Retrospective data collected from billing codes, as in this brief survey, may imprecise. However, it does provide a snapshot of the usual referral problems encountered by pediatric cardiologists. In our practice, the most common overall reason for referral in all ages was "heart murmur", constituting 26% of total referrals. Second were rhythm and rhythm related problems (inclusive of palpitations, abnormal ECG and diagnosed premature beats) constituted 19% of the total. In the age group of interest for this book of 11-18 years, the most common presenting issues were rhythm related (23%) and chest pain (23%), followed by syncope or dizziness (19%) and heart murmur (12%). Congenital heart disease diagnoses encountered in the 11 to 18 year age group comprised only 6.5% of referrals within that age group. It is likely that many of these were not new diagnoses (with a few exceptions), but rather represented transfers to our practice. Our own outpatient clinical experience reveals that the majority of outpatients referred by pediatricians for pediatric cardiology evaluation are between the ages of 11 and 18. The majority of these new referrals are not for congenital heart disease. Our intent for this edition of Pediatric Clinics of North America is to describe the types of problems which seem to be of concern to the pediatric community within this age group and to describe strategies for evaluation.