Preliminary Material /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Gnostic Mythology and the Sethian Myth /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --From Origin of Evil to Origin of Righteousness /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Unde Malum: From Apocalyptic Literature to Gnostic Myth /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --The Archons as Seducers /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --The Gnostic Race /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Seth and the Child /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Gnostic Salvation History /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Sacred Geography /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Sons of God or Sons of Seth? /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Echoes and Repercussions /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Gnostic Elements in Hermetic Traditions /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Gnostic Myths in Manichaean Garb /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --The Gnostic Sexual Myth /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa --Bibliography /Gedaliahu A.G. Stroumsa.

In this study, Vevian Zaki places the Arabic versions of the Pauline Epistles in their historical context, exploring when, where, and how they were produced, transmitted, understood, and adapted among Eastern Christian communities across the centuries. She also considers the transmission and use of these texts among Muslim polemicists, as well as European missionaries and scholars. Underpinning the study is a close investigation of the manuscripts and a critical examination of their variant readings. The work concludes with a case study: an edition and translation of the Epistle to the Philippians from manuscripts London, BL, Or. 8612 and Vatican, BAV, Ar. 13; a comparison of the translation strategies employed in these two versions; and an investigation of the possible relations between them.

The Translation Movement of the Abbasid Period, which lasted for almost three hundred years, was a unique event in world history. During this period, much of the intellectual tradition of the Greeks, Persians, and Indians was translated into Arabic—a language with no prior history of translation or of science, medicine, or philosophy. This book investigates the cultural and political conflicts that translation brought into the new Abbasid state from a sociological perspective, treating translation as a process and a product. The opening chapters outline the factors involved in the initiation and cessation of translational activity in the Abbasid period before dealing in individual chapters with important events in the Translation Movement, such as the translation of Aristotle’s Poetics into Arabic, Abdullah ibn al-Muqaffa’s seminal translation of the Indian/Persian Kalilah wa Dimna into Arabic and the translation of scientific texts. Other chapters address the question of whether the Abbasids had a theory of translation and why, despite three hundred years of translation, not a single poem was translated into Arabic. The final chapter deals with the influence of translation during this period on the Arabic language. Offering new readings of many issues that are associated with that period, informed by modern theories of translation, this is key reading for scholars and researchers in Translation Studies, Oriental and Arab Studies, Book History and Cultural History.

"One of the first great events in Christian history was the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, convened to organize Christian sects and beliefs into a unified doctrine. The great Christian clergymen who wrote before this famous event are referred to as the Ante-Nicenes and the Apostolic Fathers, and their writings are collected here in a ten-volume set. The Ante-Nicenes lived so close to the time of Christ that their interpretations of the New Testament are considered more authentic than modern voices. But they are also real and flawed men, who are more like their fellow Christians than they are like the Apostles, making their words echo in the ears of spiritual seekers. In Volume IX of the 10-volume collected works of the Ante-Nicenes first published between 1885 and 1896, the series editors return to a collection that they had thought complete. Archaeological discoveries presented them with new early Christian texts that needed publication. This volume is divided into two parts: newly discovered fragments and writings from a variety of sources, and additional commentaries by Origen. These new fragments include: the Gospel of Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter the Diatessaron of Tatian and the Vision of Paul the Apocalypse of the Virgin and the Apocalypse of Sedrach The Testament of Abraham and the Acts of Xanthippe and Polyxena the Narrative of Zosimus and the Epistles of Clement the Apology of Aristides the Philosopher the Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs epistle to Gregory and Origen's commentary"

What are African religions? African Religions: A Very Short Introduction answers this question by examining primarily indigenous religious traditions on the African continent, as well as exploring Christianity and Islam. It focuses on the diversity of ethnic groups, languages, cultures, and worldviews, emphasizing the continent's regional diversity. Olupona examines a wide range of African religious traditions on their own terms and in their social, cultural, and political contexts. For example, the book moves beyond ethnographic descriptions and interpretations of core beliefs and practices to look at how African religion has engaged issues of socioeconomic development and power relations. Olupona examines the myths and sacred stories about the origins of the universe that define ethnic groups and national identities throughout Africa. He also discusses spiritual agents in the African cosmos such as God, spirits, and ancestors. In addition to myths and deities, Olupona focuses on the people central to African religions, including medicine men and women, rainmakers, witches, magicians, and divine kings, and how they serve as authority figures and intermediaries between the social world and the cosmic realm. African Religions: A Very Short Introduction discusses a wide variety of religious practices, including music and dance, calendrical rituals and festivals, celebrations for the gods' birthdays, and rituals accompanying stages of life such as birth, puberty, marriage, elderhood, and death. In addition to exploring indigenous religions, Olupona examines the ways Islam and Christianity as outside traditions encountered indigenous African religion. He shows how these incoming faith traditions altered the face and the future of indigenous African religions as well as how indigenous religions shaped two world religions in Africa and the diaspora. Olupona draws on archaeological and historical sources, as well as ethnographic materials based on fieldwork. He shows that African religions are not static traditions, but have responded to changes within their local communities and to fluxes caused by outside influences, and spread with diaspora and migration.

One of the first great events in Christian history was the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, convened to organize Christian sects and beliefs into a unified doctrine. The great Christian clergymen who wrote before this famous event are referred to as the Ante-Nicenes and the Apostolic Fathers, and their writings are collected here in a ten-volume set. The Ante-Nicenes lived so close to the time of Christ that their interpretations of the New Testament are considered more authentic than modern voices. But they are also real and flawed men, who are more like their fellow Christians than they are like the Apostles, making their words echo in the ears of spiritual seekers. In Volume IX of the 10-volume collected works of the Ante-Nicenes first published between 1885 and 1896, the series editors return to a collection that they had thought complete. Archaeological discoveries presented them with new early Christian texts that needed publication. This volume is divided into two parts: newly discovered fragments and writings from a variety of sources, and additional commentaries by Origen. These new fragments include: . the Gospel of Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter. the Diatessaron of Tatian and the Vision of Paul. the Apocalypse of the Virgin and the Apocalypse of Sedrach. The Testament of Abraham and the Acts of Xanthippe and Polyxena. the Narrative of Zosimus and the Epistles of Clement. the Apology of Aristides the Philosopher. the Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs. epistle to Gregory and Origen's commentary

This edition of the Diatessaron of Tatian presents a reader-friendly version of the most popular unified account of Jesus’s life and teachings, as written in the gospels, for over three centuries, and a crucial link to the early history of the church and Christian doctrine. The Diatessaron takes center stage in Ian Caldwell’s new breakout novel The Fifth Gospel. Composed in the 2nd century CE, the Diatessaron is Tatian’s combination of the texts of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John into one comprehensive timeline of Jesus’s life. Tatian the Assyrian, an obscure but highly controversial theologian who was expelled from the early Church, tried to fill in the gaps left by the traditional four gospels and resolve their contradictions. The Diatessaron was a major source for the story of the life of Christ until the 6th Century CE when it fell into obscurity and the four gospels took its place in the order of the New Testament. This original translation by Reverend Hope W. Hogg, B.D. preserves Tatian’s chronology and allows readers access to this little-known ancient text and a crucial link to the early Church and the life and death of Jesus.