Although nematodes had long been suspected as vectors of soil borne plant diseases, unequivocal proof of their implication was not forthcoming until 1958 when Professor William Hewitt and his colleagues in California demonstrated experimentally that Xiphinema ~ was the vector of grapevine fanleaf virus. This opened up a new and exciting field in plant pathology and discoveries quickly followed of other nematode species associated with soil-borne diseases of many different crops and in several countries. After the initial enthusiasm of discovering new vectors and new viruses there followed a period of consolidation in which research workers sought answers to tantalising questions about the location of the virus within the nematode, the factors governing the close speci ficity between virus and vector; and more mundane but equally important and compelling questions about life cycles, geographical distribution, host relations, morphology and taxonomy. No other group of nematodes has attracted such a concentrated effort involv ing many different scientific specialisations and yielding so much progress in a relatively short time. The NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Riva dei Tessali, Italy, during 19 May to 2 June, 1974, provided the forum for a critical discussion of all aspects of biology of virus vector nema todes.

Viruses transmitted by nematodes are responsible for many economically important diseases of crops. Thus, when in the late 1950s, this mode of disease propagation was demonstrated by proof of the transmission of grapevine fanleaf disease by Xiphinema index, it marked the start of a significant and fruitful period of research. Since that time, however, numerous reviews have been published on different aspects of nematode transmission of plant viruses and the nematode transmitted viruses themselves. However, until now there has been a lack of any source which draws all of this research together. This book fills this need by providing a valuable overview of the last forty years of research into the transmission of viruses by nematodes, as well as setting the agenda for future investigations. This book is an important resource for all crop protectionists, nematologists, and plant virologists.

Virus vector nematodes - taxonomy and general introduction; Morphology of longidoridae; taxonomy of Xyphinema; A "Lattice" for the identification of species of Xiphinema Cobb, 1913; Taxonomy of longidorus (Micoletzky) Filipjev and Paralongidorus siddiqi, Hooper and Khan; Morphology of Trichodorid nematodes; Taxonomy of trichodoridae; Functional morphology of darylaimida; Cytogenetics and reproduction in Xyphinema and Longidorus; Embryology and hatching of Trichodorus similis and Longidorus elongatus; Cell structure and function - An introduction to ultrastructure; Ultrastructure of Dorylaimidae; The structure and musculature of the feeding apparatus in Longidorus and Xyphinema; The ultrastructure of the feeding apparatus in trichodorids; Feeding of TrichodorusLongidorus and Xiphinema; Some features of nematode-born viruses and their relation-ship with the host plants; Acquisition, retention and transmission of viruses by nematodes; Some non-rosaceous trees and shrubs as hosts to nematodeborne viruses; Distribution of artichoke Italian latent virus and its nematode vector in apulia; Nettlehead and related hop diseases associated with the hop strain of arabis mosaic virus and its vector Xiphinema diversicaudatum; Virus vector species of Xiphinema and Longidorus in relation to certification schemes for fruit and hops in England; Nematode transmitted virus in British Columbia, Canada; Transmission of Cowpea mosaic by Xiphinema barisi in Western Nigeria; Ecology of Xiphinema and Longidorus; The ecology of trichodorus.

The seminal text Plant Virology is now in its fifth edition. It has been 10 years since the publication of the fourth edition, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fifth edition of Plant Virology updates and revises many details of the previous edition while retaining the important earlier results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Revamped art, along with fully updated references and increased focus on molecular biology, transgenic resistance, aphid transmission, and new, cutting-edge topics, bring the volume up to date and maintain its value as an essential reference for researchers and students in the field. - Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups - Genome maps of all genera for which they are known - Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control - Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing - Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors - Contains over 300 full-color illustrations

Several billion people are at daily risk of life-threatening vector-borne diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis and dengue. This volume describes the way in which the causal pathogens of such diseases interact with the vectors that transmit them, detailing the biological adaptations that enable pathogens to live with their vectors and, in some circumstances, to control them. This knowledge has led to novel preventative strategies in the form of antibiotics and new vaccines which are targeted not at the pathogen itself but at its specific vector.

Viruses require a special approach to establish their presence in a diseased plant since they are not visible, even under a light microscope. This manual describes in detail a variety of protocols for determining the properties and identity of a virus and its behavior in infected plants. A Springer Lab Manual.

Nonpesticidal control of vector-borne diseases. Chemotherapy of plant viruses and virus diseases. Control of whitefly vectors of viruses by color mulches. Chemical control of nematode vectors. Use of oil sprays and reflective surfaces for control of insect-transmitted plant viruses. Controlling seed and insect-borne viruses. The host as a vector: exclusion as a control. Plant quarantine problems in preventing the entry into the United States of vector-borne plant pathogens. Nature of inherited nematode resistance in plants. Aphid probing and feeding, electronic monitoring, and plant breeding. The ESS of an aphid pathosystem. Control of vector-borne mycoplasmas.

Nematode interactions are important biological phenomena and of great significance in agriculture. It is a fascinating subject which is multidisciplinary by nature, and concerns any scientist involved with plant health. There have been marked advances in our knowledge of various aspects of the subject in the last two decades. This study area has been the subject of several reviews, but there was no exclusive text on the subject. This has stressed the need to document the information, developing a unifying theme which treated nematode interactions in a holistic manner. This book is about the inter action of plant-parasitic nematodes with other plant pathogens or root symbionts, the nature of their associations, their impact on the host and con sequential interactive effects on the involved organisms. Since nematodes are at the centre of the theme, the responsibility of understanding of other plant pathogens dealt with in this book is largely delegated to the reader. I have limited the book content to interactions with biotic pathogens and root symbionts only, for various reasons. The book embodies 16 chapters, and attempts to present balanced infor mation on various aspects of nematode interactions with other plant pathogens and root symbionts. Some chapters describe general aspects of the subject. Interactions of nematodes with specific groups of organisms are addressed in the remaining chapters.