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As James Buchanan took office in 1857, the United States found itself at a crossroads. Dissolution of the Union had been averted and the Democratic Party maintained control of the federal government, but the nation watched to see if Pennsylvania's first president could make good on his promise to calm sectional tensions. Despite Buchanan's central role in a crucial hour in U.S. history, few presidents have been more ignored by historians. In assembling the essays for this volume, Michael Birkner and John Quist have asked leading scholars to reconsider whether Buchanan’s failures stemmed from his own mistakes or from circumstances that no president could have overcome. Buchanan's dealings with Utah shed light on his handling of the secession crisis. His approach to Dred Scott reinforces the image of a president whose doughface views were less a matter of hypocrisy than a thorough identification with southern interests. Essays on the secession crisis provide fodder for debate about the strengths and limitations of presidential authority in an existential moment for the young nation. Although the essays in this collection offer widely differing interpretations of Buchanan's presidency, they all grapple honestly with the complexities of the issues faced by the man who sat in the White House prior to the towering figure of Lincoln, and contribute to a deeper understanding of a turbulent and formative era.

First published in four volumes in 1945, 1952 and 1955, J.G. Randall's Lincoln the President is here reprinted in two. The first covers Lincoln's life as far as Gettysburg, focusing mainly on his presidential administration. The second concentrates on Lincoln the person - his conversation, his personality, his daily tasks, his marriage, his sense of humour - and covers his life from the period of the Emancipation Proclamation up to the final triumph of Appomattox and his untimely death.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The fourth and final volume of J.G. Randall's monumental "Lincoln the President, a multivolume work considered by many to be indispensable to Lincoln scholars. Completed by Richard N. Current using the notes and drafts Randall left at his death, "Lincoln the President: Last Full Measure" describes the key events of Lincoln's administration from December 1863 to April 1865. These include his plan of reconstruction, the Thirteenth Amendment to abolish slavery, efforts for a negotiated peace, and foreign affairs during his last year in office.