The book Modeling in Membranes and Membrane-Based Processes is based on the idea of developing a reference which will cover most relevant and “state-of-the-art” approaches in membrane modeling. This book explores almost every major aspect of modeling and the techniques applied in membrane separation studies and applications. This includes first principle-based models, thermodynamics models, computational fluid dynamics simulations, molecular dynamics simulations, and artificial intelligence-based modeling for membrane separation processes. These models have been discussed in light of various applications ranging from desalination to gas separation. In addition, this breakthrough new volume covers the fundamentals of polymer membrane pore formation mechanisms, covering not only a wide range of modeling techniques, but also has various facets of membrane-based applications. Thus, this book can be an excellent source for a holistic perspective on membranes in general, as well as a comprehensive and valuable reference work. Whether a veteran engineer in the field or lab or a student in chemical or process engineering, this latest volume in the “Advances in Membrane Processes” is a must-have, along with the first book in the series, Membrane Processes, also available from Wiley-Scrivener.

Fundamental Modelling of Membrane Systems: Membrane and Process Performance summarizes the state-of-the-art modeling approaches for all significant membrane processes, from molecular transport, to process level, helping researchers and students who carry out experimental research save time and accurately interpret experimental data. The book provides an overview of the different membrane technologies, handling micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration, reverse and forward osmosis, pervaporation, gas permeation, supported liquid membranes, membrane contactors, membrane bioreactors and ion-exchange membrane systems. Examples of hybrid membrane systems are also included. - Presents an accessible reference on how to model membranes and membrane processes - Provides a clear, mathematical description of mass transfer in membrane systems - Written by well-known, prominent authors in the field of membrane science

Membrane-Based Hybrid Processes for Wastewater Treatment analyzes and discusses the potential of membrane-based hybrid processes for the treatment of complex industrial wastewater, the recovery of valuable compounds, and water reutilization. In addition, recent and future trends in membrane technology are highlighted. Industrial wastewater contains a large variety of compounds, such as heavy metals, salts and nutrients, which makes its treatment challenging. Thus, the use of conventional water treatment methods is not always effective. Membrane-based hybrid processes have emerged as a promising technology to treat complex industrial wastewater. - Discusses the properties, mechanisms, advantages, limitations and promising solutions of different types of membrane technologies - Addresses the optimization of process parameters - Describes the performance of different membranes - Presents the potential of Nanotechnology to improve the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) - Covers the application of membrane and membrane-based hybrid treatment technologies for wastewater treatment - Includes forward osmosis, electrodialysis, and diffusion dialysis - Considers hybrid membrane systems expanded to cover zero liquid discharge, salt recovery, and removal of trace contaminants

Electromembrane processes offer a multitude of applications, allowing for the recovery of water, other products, and energy. This book is a collection of contributions on recent advancements in electromembrane processes attained via experiments and/or models. The first paper is a comprehensive review article on the applications of electrodialysis for wastewater treatment, highlighting current status, technical challenges, and key points for future perspectives. The second paper focuses on ZSM-5 zeolite/PVA mixed matrix CEMs with high monovalent permselectivity for recovering either acid or Li+. The third paper regards direct numerical simulations of electroconvection in an electrodialysis dilute channel with forced flow under potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic regimes. The fourth paper investigates the reasons for the formation and properties of soliton-like charge waves in overlimiting conditions. The fifth paper focuses on the characterization of AEMs functionalized by surface modification via poly(acrylic) acid yielding monovalent permselectivity for reverse electrodialysis. In the sixth paper, CFD simulations of reverse electrodialysis systems are performed. The seventh paper proposes an integrated membrane process, including electrochemical intercalation–deintercalation, for the preparation of Li2CO3 from brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio. Finally, the eighth paper is a perspective article devoted to the acid–base flow battery with monopolar and bipolar membranes.

This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.

Modeling of Microscale Transport in Biological Processes provides a compendium of recent advances in theoretical and computational modeling of biotransport phenomena at the microscale. The simulation strategies presented range from molecular to continuum models and consider both numerical and exact solution method approaches to coupled systems of equations. The biological processes covered in this book include digestion, molecular transport, microbial swimming, cilia mediated flow, microscale heat transfer, micro-vascular flow, vesicle dynamics, transport through bio-films and bio-membranes, and microscale growth dynamics. The book is written for an advanced academic research audience in the fields of engineering (encompassing biomedical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and electrical), biology and mathematics. Although written for, and by, expert researchers, each chapter provides a strong introductory section to ensure accessibility to readers at all levels.

Synthetic Membrane Processes: Fundamentals and Water Applications presents a summary of some of the theoretical developments in membrane and fluid transport. The book reviews water and wastewater hyperfiltration, ultrafiltration, and electrodialysis, as well as the economics of these processes. The text approaches the topics from the standpoint of chemical engineering. It provides a description of procedures for maintaining reasonable fluxes with a balanced pretreatment, cleaning, and fluid management program. The different structures of water and aqueous systems, hyperfiltration membranes, and the polarization phenomena in membrane processes are also discussed. The text provides concrete examples of the desalting experience and water and wastewater treatment in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The book targets those in the water and wastewater field and is also generally useful for teaching and for anyone interested in adapting membrane technology to separation or concentration applications.

This book is about the importance of water in determining the structure, stability and responsive behavior of biological membranes. Water confers to lipid membranes unique features in terms of surface and mechanical properties. The analysis of the hydration forces, plasticiser effects, controlled hydration, formation of microdomains of confined water suggests that water is an active constituent in a water-lipid system. The chapters describe water organization at the lipid membrane–water interphase, the water penetration, the long range water structure in the presence of lipid membranes by means of X-ray and neutron scattering, general polarization, fluorescent probes, ATR-FTIR and near infrared spectroscopies, piezo electric methods, computer simulation and surface thermodynamics. Permeation, percolation, osmotic stress, polarization, protrusion, sorption, hydrophobicity, density fluctuations are treated in detail in self-assembled bilayers. Studies in lipid monolayers show the correlation of surface pressure with water activity and its role in peptide and enzyme interactions. The book concludes with a discussion on anhydrobiosis and the effect of water replacement in microdomains and its consequence for cell function. New definitions of lipid/water interphases consider water not only as a structural-making solvent but as a mediator in signalling metabolic activity, modulating protein insertion and enzymatic activity, triggering oscillatory reactions and functioning of membrane bound receptors. Since these effects occur at the molecular level, membrane hydration appears fundamental to understand the behavior of nano systems and confined environments mimicking biological systems. These insights in structural, thermodynamical and mechanical water properties give a base for new paradigms in membrane structure and function for those interested in biophysics, physical chemistry, biology, bio and nano medicine, biochemistry, biotechnology and nano sciences searching for biotechnological inputs in human health, food industry, plant growing and energy conversion.

Modern membrane engineering is critical to the development of process-intensification strategies and to the stimulation of industrial growth. Membrane Distillation (MD) is a broad reference that covers specific information on membranes available and methods for MD membrane preparation and characterization. The book offers an introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts as well as a historical review of MD development. Commercial membranes used in MD as well as laboratory-made membranes, including emerging membranes, are described in detail and illustrated by a number of clear and instructive schematic drawings and images. - A comprehensive review on the development of MD membranes, MD modules, MD membrane characterization, MD configurations, applications in different areas and theoretical models - Introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts associated with MD as well as an historical review of MD development - Description of commercial membranes used in MD as well as laboratory-made membranes, including emerging membranes

The contamination of environment and water resources by Selenium (Se) and its oxyanions from various sources are emerging contaminants of significant health and environmental concern. The primary sources include agricultural drainage water, mine drainage, residues from fossil fuels, thermoelectric power plants, oil refineries, and metal ores. Various methods and technologies have been developed which focus on the treatment of selenium-containing waters and wastewater. High concentrations of selenium in water cause various adverse impact to human health, such as carcinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. But in the lower concentrations, it is a useful constituent of the biological system. The range between toxicity and deficiency of selenium is minimal (40 to 400 μg per day), due to its dual nature. Selenium Contamination in Water contains the latest status and information on selenium’s origin, its chemistry and its toxicity to humans. The book represents a comprehensive and advanced reference book for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids, in particular selenium. A special emphasis is given on its geological distribution, monitoring techniques, and remedial technologies. As such, the authors critically analyze the various techniques used for the monitoring and removal of selenium from water. Featuring chapters arranged according to the major themes of the latest research, with specific case-studies from industrial experiences of selenium detection and removal, Selenium Contamination in Water will be particularly valued by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids including selenium.