In To Punish or Persuade, John Braithwaite declares that coal mine disasters are usually the result of corporate crime. He surveys 39 coal mine disasters from around the world, including 19 in the United States since 1960, and concludes that mine fatalities are usually not caused by human error or the unstoppable forces of nature. He shows that a combination of punitive and educative measures taken against offenders can have substantial effects in reducing injuries to miners. Braithwaite not only develops a model for determining the optimal mix of punishment and persuasion to maximize mine safety, but provides regulatory agencies in general with a model for mixing the two strategies to ensure compliance with the law. To Punish or Persuade looks at coal mine safety in the United States, Great Britain, Australia, France, Belgium, and Japan. It examines closely the five American coal mining companies with the best safety performance in the industry: U.S. Steel, Bethlehem Steel, Consolidation Coal Company, Island Creek Coal Company, and Old Ben Coal Company. It also takes a look at the safety record of unionized versus non-unionized mines and how safety regulation enforcement impacts productivity.

Excerpt from Accidents in Mines: Their Causes and Prevention I have endeavoured, by collecting all the informa tion into one volume, to bring before the public, as seen by those who are engaged professionally as mining engineers, the subject of the number of lives lost in working coal, and the sources of accident which might be prevented. It may be fairly asked (1) whether the principles of Davy's lamp hold good when the atmospheric pressure is as great as it is in the deep coal mines; and (2) what effect the vibrating waves of sound may have on the flame within the lamp when the Mp is surrounded by an explosive mixture of gas. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Mine Accidents and Their Prevention: For the Instruction of Mine-Workers, Especially Adapted for the Teaching of English to the Non-English Speaking People The purpose of this book is two-fold: First, to make all mine-work ers more familiar with safe methods of mining hard coal, in order that many of the more common accidents attendant upon this hazardous occupation may be avoided and the lives of the workmen may be preserved to the indus try and to those dependent upon them. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Opencast mines may not be as dangerous as underground mines, but they should respect a wide range of provisions in order to minimise safety and health risks to workers and people living nearby. This code is intended for people responsible for occupational safety and health in opencast mining.

Excerpt from Mine-Accident Prevention at Lake Superior Iron Mines The need for better systems for the protection of men from accidents is being increasingly recognized, and the economic loss from prevent able casualties is being appreciated by a continually growing pro portion of employers. The economic loss includes not only payments to the heirs of those killed and to the injured and their attorneys and agents, but also the time lost by workmen during recovery from injuries. Many employers in this country do not regard the loss of time of individual workmen with as much concern as some European employers do. However, the largest employers of labor in the iron mining districts of the Lake Superior region are fully awakening to the importance of both classes of loss. During the year 1911 one iron-ore mining company in the Lake Superior region paid an average of not far from a day in what may be termed casualty expenses - in settlement of claims, in outside hospital expenses, in relief, in the payment of judgments, and in the defense of cases brought against it. About 1 per cent of the accidents to employees of this company resulted fatally and 70 per cent of its accidents resulted in an individual loss of time Of 10 days or less. The prevention of accidents in mining can not yet be classed as a science. Those Operators in the Lake Superior region who have studied the subject have laid down certain fundamental principles upon which their methods of protection are based. A'few employers have formulated sets of rules that they have distributed for the guidance of certain classes of employees, but all of these sets are in complete and imperfect. To an important extent detailed statis tical information upon which methods of prevention can be based is yet lacking. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The term 'natural disaster' is often used to refer to natural events such as earthquakes, hurricanes or floods. However, the phrase 'natural disaster' suggests an uncritical acceptance of a deeply engrained ideological and cultural myth. At Risk questions this myth and argues that extreme natural events are not disasters until a vulnerable group of people is exposed. The updated new edition confronts a further ten years of ever more expensive and deadly disasters and discusses disaster not as an aberration, but as a signal failure of mainstream 'development'. Two analytical models are provided as tools for understanding vulnerability. One links remote and distant 'root causes' to 'unsafe conditions' in a 'progression of vulnerability'. The other uses the concepts of 'access' and 'livelihood' to understand why some households are more vulnerable than others. Examining key natural events and incorporating strategies to create a safer world, this revised edition is an important resource for those involved in the fields of environment and development studies.