The material addressed in this book forms the foundation of undergraduate lecture courses on d-block chemistry and facilitates learning through various key features.

In September 2002, a NATO-ASI was held in Cetraro (CS), Italy on the theme of "Metal-Ligand Interactions in Molecular-, Nano-, Micro-, and Macro-systems in Complex Environments". This event has followed the previous ones held in the same place in 1991, 1994 and 1998. In the present and the previous schools a broad interdisciplinary cross-section of experimental and theoretical researchers, interested in a better understanding of metal-ligand interactions from different viewpoints, was linked together to exchange experience, to review the state-of-the-art, to indicate new techniques and methods, to explore new fields and perspectives. Particular emphasis was given to the problems related with the crossing from molecular systems to nano-, macro-and micro-scale materials and to the effects of the environment on the properties of the molecular systems. The school was organized around lectures and special research seminares given by leading experts in the following fields: • metal clusters • inorganic complexes and materials • surface phenomena • adsorption and catalysis • organic and bio-inorganic systems • ab initio theory • density functional theory • classical and quantum dynamics This volume contains the formal lectures and selected contributed papers and describes the main aspects and problems tackled during the 12 days of the event.

The 9th Jerusalem Symposium was dedicated to the memory of Professor Ernst David Bergmann. An imposing and deeply moving memorial session, chaired by Professor Ephraim Katzir, the President of the State of Is rael and a close friend of Professor Bergmann preceded the Symposium itself. During this session, Professor Bergmann's personality, scien tific achievements and contributions to the development of his country were described and praised, besides President Katzir, by Professor A. Dvoretzky, President of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Professor D. Ginsburg, Dean of the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa and the author of these lines. May I just quote short extracts from these speeches. President Katzir: "As we open this ninth in the series of symposia initiated in 1967, it is difficult for me as, I am sure, for many of Ernst Bergmann's friends, co-workers and students, to be here without him. He was not only a great scientist and a beloved teacher, he was one of the most important founders of science in this country. To him we owe many institutes and the establishment here of many branches of science. " Professor Dvoretzky: "Ernst Bergmann's greatness did not stem from one component overshadowing all the others. It was a multifaceted great ness consisting of the harmonious co~lescing of seemingly contrasting entities into a wonderful unity ••.

Metal-ligand interactions are currently being studied in different fields, from a variety of points of view, and recent progress has been substantial. Whole new classes of compounds and reactions have been found; an arsenal of physical methods has been developed; mechanistic detail can be ascertained to an increasingly minute degree; and the theory is being developed to handle systems of ever-growing complexity. As usual, such multidisciplinarity leads to great opportunities, coupled with great problems of communication between specialists. It is in its promotion of interactions across these fields that Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces makes its timely contribution: the tools, both theoretical and experimental, are highly developed, and fundamental questions remain unanswered. The most fundamental of these concerns the nature of the microscopic interactions between metal atoms (clusters, surfaces) and ligands (atoms, molecules, absorbates, reagents, products) and the changes in these interactions during physical and chemical transformation. In Metal-Ligand Interactions, leading experts discuss the following, vital aspects: ab initio theory, semi-empirical theory, density functional theory, complexes and clusters, surfaces, and catalysis.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Cetraro (CS) Italy, from 1-12 September 1998

A complete, up-to-date treatment of ligand field theory and its applications Ligand Field Theory and Its Applications presents an up-to-date account of ligand field theory, the model currently used to describe the metal-ligand interactions in transition metal compounds, and the way it is used to interpret the physical properties of the complexes. It examines the traditional electrostatic crystal field model, still widely used by physicists, as well as covalent approaches such as the angular overlap model, which interprets the metal ligand interactions using parameters relating directly to chemical behavior. Written by internationally recognized experts in the field, this book provides a comparison between ligand field theory and more sophisticated treatments as well as an account of the methods used to calculate the energy levels in compounds of the transition metals. It also covers physical properties such as stereochemistry, light absorption, and magnetic behavior. An emphasis on the interpretation of experimental results broadens the book's field of interest beyond transition metal chemistry into the many other areas where these metal ions play an important role. As clear and accessible as Brian Figgis's 1966 classic Introduction to Ligand Fields, this new book provides inorganic and bioinorganic chemists as well as physical chemists, chemical physicists, and spectroscopists with a much-needed overview of the many significant changes that have taken place in ligand field theory over the past 30 years.

Metal-Ligand Interactions - Structure and Reactivity emphasizes the experimental determination of structure and dynamics, supported by the theoretical and computational approaches needed to establish the concepts and guide the experiments. Leading experts present masterly surveys of: clusters, inorganic complexes, surfaces, catalysis, ab initio theory, density functional theory,semiempirical methods, and dynamics. Besides the presentations of the fields of study themselves, the papers also bring out those aspects that impinge on, or could benefit from, progress in other disciplines. Refined in the fire of an interactive and stimulating conference, the papers presented here represent the state of the art of current research.

Metal ions and proteins are ubiquitous. Therefore, not surprisingly, new protein-metal interactions continue to be dis covered, and their importance is increasingly recognized in both physical and life sciences. Because the subject matter is so broad and affects so many disciplines, in organizing this Symposium, I sought participation of speakers with the broadest possible range of interests. Twenty-two accepted my invitation. To supplement the verbal presentations, the Proceedings include five closely re lated invited contributions. The ideas expressed are those of the various authors and are not necessarily approved or rejected by any agency of the United States Government. No official recommendation concerning the sub ject matter or products discussed is implied in this book. This book encompasses many aspects of this multifaceted field. Topics covered represent biochemical, immunochemical, bioorganic, biophysical, metabolic, nutritional, medical, physiological, toxi cological, environmental, textile, and analytical interests. The discoveries and developments in any of these areas inevitably illumine others. I feel that a main objective of this Symposium, bringing together scientists with widely varied experiences yet with common interests in protein-metal interactions, so that new understanding and new ideas would result has been realized. I hope that the reader enjoys and benefits from reading about the fascinat ing interactions of metal ions and proteins as much as I did.

An advanced-level textbook of inorganic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds: VSEPR theory; dπ -pπ bonds; Bent rule and energetic of hybridization. Chapter 2. Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interactions; Trends in stepwise constants; Factors affecting stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand; Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin; Determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – I: Inert and labile complexes; Mechanisms for ligand replacement reactions; Formation of complexes from aquo ions; Ligand displacement reactions in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis; Racemization of tris chelate complexes; Electrophilic attack on ligands. Chapter 4. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – II: Mechanism of ligand displacement reactions in square planar complexes; The trans effect; Theories of trans effect; Mechanism of electron transfer reactions – types; outer sphere electron transfer mechanism and inner sphere electron transfer mechanism; Electron exchange. Chapter 5. Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts: Isopoly and Heteropoly acids and salts of Mo and W: structures of isopoly and heteropoly anions. Chapter 6. Crystal Structures: Structures of some binary and ternary compounds such as fluorite, antifluorite, rutile, antirutile, crystobalite, layer lattices- CdI2, BiI3; ReO3, Mn2O3, corundum, pervoskite, Ilmenite and Calcite. Chapter 7. Metal-Ligand Bonding: Limitation of crystal field theory; Molecular orbital theory: octahedral, tetrahedral or square planar complexes; π-bonding and molecular orbital theory. Chapter 8. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes: Spectroscopic ground states, Correlation and spin-orbit coupling in free ions for Ist series of transition metals; Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1 – d9 states); Calculation of Dq, B and β parameters; Effect of distortion on the d-orbital energy levels; Structural evidence from electronic spectrum; John-Tellar effect; Spectrochemical and nephalauxetic series; Charge transfer spectra; Electronic spectra of molecular addition compounds. Chapter 9. Magantic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes: Elementary theory of magneto - chemistry; Guoy’s method for determination of magnetic susceptibility; Calculation of magnetic moments; Magnetic properties of free ions; Orbital contribution, effect of ligand-field; Application of magneto-chemistry in structure determination; Magnetic exchange coupling and spin state cross over. Chapter 10. Metal Clusters: Structure and bonding in higher boranes; Wade’s rules; Carboranes; Metal carbonyl clusters - low nuclearity carbonyl clusters; Total electron count (TEC). Chapter 11. Metal-π Complexes: Metal carbonyls: structure and bonding; Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structure elucidation; Important reactions of metal carbonyls; Preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; Tertiary phosphine as ligand.

The design of ancillary ligands used to modify the structural and reactivity properties of metal complexes has evolved into a rapidly expanding sub-discipline in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Ancillary ligand design has figured directly in the discovery of new bonding motifs and stoichiometric reactivity, as well as in the development of new catalytic protocols that have had widespread positive impact on chemical synthesis on benchtop and industrial scales. Ligand Design in Metal Chemistry presents a collection of cutting-edge contributions from leaders in the field of ligand design, encompassing a broad spectrum of ancillary ligand classes and reactivity applications. Topics covered include: Key concepts in ligand design Redox non-innocent ligands Ligands for selective alkene metathesis Ligands in cross-coupling Ligand design in polymerization Ligand design in modern lanthanide chemistry Cooperative metal-ligand reactivity P,N Ligands for enantioselective hydrogenation Spiro-cyclic ligands in asymmetric catalysis This book will be a valuable reference for academic researchers and industry practitioners working in the field of ligand design, as well as those who work in the many areas in which the impact of ancillary ligand design has proven significant, for example synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, polymer science and materials chemistry.