The science and engineering of robotic manipulation. "Manipulation" refers to a variety of physical changes made to the world around us. Mechanics of Robotic Manipulation addresses one form of robotic manipulation, moving objects, and the various processes involved—grasping, carrying, pushing, dropping, throwing, and so on. Unlike most books on the subject, it focuses on manipulation rather than manipulators. This attention to processes rather than devices allows a more fundamental approach, leading to results that apply to a broad range of devices, not just robotic arms. The book draws both on classical mechanics and on classical planning, which introduces the element of imperfect information. The book does not propose a specific solution to the problem of manipulation, but rather outlines a path of inquiry.

The book explores the fundamental issues of robot mechanics for both the analysis and design of manipulations, manipulators and grippers, taking into account a central role of mechanics and mechanical structures in the development and use of robotic systems with mechatronic design. It examines manipulations that can be performed by robotic manipulators. The contents of the book are kept at a fairly practical level with the aim to teach how to model, simulate, and operate robotic mechanical systems. The chapters have been written and organized in a way that they can be red even separately, so that they can be used separately for different courses and purposes. The introduction illustrates motivations and historical developments of robotic mechanical systems. Chapter 2 describes the analysis and design of manipulations by automatic machinery and robots; chapter 3 deals with the mechanics of serial-chain manipulators with the aim to propose algorithms for analysis, simulation, and design purposes; chapter 4 introduces the mechanics of parallel manipulators; chapter 5 addresses the attention to mechanical grippers and related mechanics of grasping.

A modern and unified treatment of the mechanics, planning, and control of robots, suitable for a first course in robotics.

A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation presents a mathematical formulation of the kinematics, dynamics, and control of robot manipulators. It uses an elegant set of mathematical tools that emphasizes the geometry of robot motion and allows a large class of robotic manipulation problems to be analyzed within a unified framework. The foundation of the book is a derivation of robot kinematics using the product of the exponentials formula. The authors explore the kinematics of open-chain manipulators and multifingered robot hands, present an analysis of the dynamics and control of robot systems, discuss the specification and control of internal forces and internal motions, and address the implications of the nonholonomic nature of rolling contact are addressed, as well. The wealth of information, numerous examples, and exercises make A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation valuable as both a reference for robotics researchers and a text for students in advanced robotics courses.

Fundamental and technological topics are blended uniquely and developed clearly in nine chapters with a gradually increasing level of complexity. A wide variety of relevant problems is raised throughout, and the proper tools to find engineering-oriented solutions are introduced and explained, step by step. Fundamental coverage includes: Kinematics; Statics and dynamics of manipulators; Trajectory planning and motion control in free space. Technological aspects include: Actuators; Sensors; Hardware/software control architectures; Industrial robot-control algorithms. Furthermore, established research results involving description of end-effector orientation, closed kinematic chains, kinematic redundancy and singularities, dynamic parameter identification, robust and adaptive control and force/motion control are provided. To provide readers with a homogeneous background, three appendices are included on: Linear algebra; Rigid-body mechanics; Feedback control. To acquire practical skill, more than 50 examples and case studies are carefully worked out and interwoven through the text, with frequent resort to simulation. In addition, more than 80 end-of-chapter exercises are proposed, and the book is accompanied by a solutions manual containing the MATLAB code for computer problems; this is available from the publisher free of charge to those adopting this work as a textbook for courses.

One of the fundamental requirements for the success of a robot task is the capability to handle interaction between manipulator and environment. The quantity that describes the state of interaction more effectively is the contact force at the manipulator's end effector. High values of contact force are generally undesirable since they may stress both the manipulator and the manipulated object; hence the need to seek for effective force control strategies. The book provides a theoretical and experimental treatment of robot interaction control. In the framework of model-based operational space control, stiffness control and impedance control are presented as the basic strategies for indirect force control; a key feature is the coverage of six-degree-of-freedom interaction tasks and manipulator kinematic redundancy. Then, direct force control strategies are presented which are obtained from motion control schemes suitably modified by the closure of an outer force regulation feedback loop. Finally, advanced force and position control strategies are presented which include passivity-based, adaptive and output feedback control schemes. Remarkably, all control schemes are experimentally tested on a setup consisting of a seven-joint industrial robot with open control architecture and force/torque sensor. The topic of robot force control is not treated in depth in robotics textbooks, in spite of its crucial importance for practical manipulation tasks. In the few books addressing this topic, the material is often limited to single-degree-of-freedom tasks. On the other hand, several results are available in the robotics literature but no dedicated monograph exists. The book is thus aimed at filling this gap by providing a theoretical and experimental treatment of robot force control.

Homogeneous transformations; Kinematic equations; Solving kinematic equations; Differential relationships; Motion trajectories; Dynamics; Control; Static forces; Compliance; Programming.

Robot Hands and the Mechanics of Manipulationexplores several aspects of the basic mechanics of grasping, pushing, and in general, manipulating objects. It makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the motion of objects in the presence of friction, and to the development of fine position and force controlled articulated hands capable of doing useful work. In the book's first section, kinematic and force analysis is applied to the problem of designing and controlling articulated hands for manipulation. The analysis of the interface between fingertip and grasped object then becomes the basis for the specification of acceptable hand kinematics. A practical result of this work has been the development of the Stanford/JPL robot hand - a tendon-actuated, 9 degree-of-freedom hand which is being used at various laboratories around the country to study the associated control and programming problems aimed at improving robot dexterity. Chapters in the second section study the characteristics of object motion in the presence of friction. Systematic exploration of the mechanics of pushing leads to a model of how an object moves under the combined influence of the manipulator and the forces of sliding friction. The results of these analyses are then used to demonstrate verification and automatic planning of some simple manipulator operations. Matthew T. Mason is Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie-Mellon University, and coeditor of Robot Motion (MIT Press 1983). J. Kenneth Salisbury, Jr. is a Research Scientist at MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and president of Salisbury Robotics, Inc. Robot Hands and the Mechanics of Manipulationis 14th in the Artificial Intelligence Series, edited by Patrick Henry Winston and Michael Brady.

Foundations of Robotics presents the fundamental concepts and methodologies for the analysis, design, and control of robot manipulators.