Sub-Saharan Africa has not joined the global demographic transition. Africa's eventual transition to fertility decline may depend more than it has elsewhere on functional changes in the family and changes in the family structure.

With foreign capital funds dwindling, governments in many developing countries-- with increased Bank support-- are looking to develop capital markets to provide risk capital for the corporate sector. But first, some basic issues must be empirically explored.

Bank experience with--and ways to improve--the analysis of education issues in public expenditure reviews (PERs).

Restrictive practices may prevent developing country seaports from benefiting from investments in containerization and bulk handling. Port loan appraisals should assess the changes needed in labor arrangements and organization-- and estimate compensation payments needed for displaced workers.

Growth (trickle- down) and poverty alleviation (pull- up) programs are not substitutes for each other, but complements, the Indian data on poverty show.