For many years diagnosing macular edema at an early stage has been a main difficulty. Recently, multiple and remarkable advances of modern imaging technologies which allow recognition of the main etiologies, have immensely improved its diagnosis and treatment. In this volume different patterns and etiologies of macular edema are described and the importance of preserving the photoreceptors at an early stage in order to retain center visual acuity is discussed. It brings together the most recent data and evidence-based medicine, and, on the other hand, the pathophysiological basis of macular edema and the different approaches for drug delivery to the posterior segment are presented. Recommendations for treatment procedures or different therapies have been carefully analyzed and considered prior to inclusion. 'Macular Edema - A Practical Approach' provides the ophthalmologist with a synthesis of knowledge to diagnose, to determine etiology, and to offer the patient viable treatment options for his benefit.

Arguably the most important ancillary test available to ophthalmologists worldwide, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field, and now includes angiographic evaluations (OCTA) that provide vascular flow data without eye injection. Handbook of Retinal OCT is an easy-to-use, high-yield guide to both OCT and OCTA imaging for practitioners at any stage of their career. Highly templated, concise, and portable, this revised edition helps you master the latest imaging methods used to evaluate retinal disease, uveitis, and optic nerve disorders. - Helps all health professionals with an interest in OCT to better and more quickly interpret OCT imaging, offering quick, highly visual guidance for evaluating age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and much more. - Provides quick answers with bulleted, templated chapters, each focused on one specific diagnosis or group of diagnoses with a particular OCT appearance. - Demonstrates how the full spectrum of diseases presents through approximately 400 illustrations, including the highest-quality spectral-domain OCT images available and more than 50 new OCTA images. - Includes five new chapters covering optic nerve disease with retinal findings, pachychoroid diseases, paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM), auto-immune retinopathies, and primary uveal lymphoma. - Offers clear visual guidance on image patterns with multiple arrows and labels throughout to highlight key details of each disease.

This book explains how to use intravitreal steroids optimally in the management of patients with intraocular inflammation (uveitis) and macular edema. The rationale for this treatment approach is first explained by examining the pathophysiology of these disease entities, with particular attention to the major role of inflammatory processes. Devices for the delivery of steroids to the eye are discussed, and guidance provided on the role of imaging studies before, during, and after steroid therapy. The value of different steroidal approaches is then considered in detail. Other topics addressed include the use of steroids as a surgical adjunct and within a combination strategy. Uveitis and macular edema are common sight-threatening diseases or complications of diabetes and retinal vein occlusion for which no adequate treatment was available until recently. Both trainees and practitioners will find Intravitreal Steroids to be an invaluable aid in combating these blinding diseases.

This atlas presents chapters on common and rare macular diseases including variants of age-related macular degeneration (dry, neovascular, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy), cystoid macular edema, macular telangiectasia, central serous retinopathy and pachychoroid disease, photic retinopathy, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, myopic degeneration, angioid streaks, and a recently described entity: perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex. It provides a wealth of representative images, using various modalities to help the reader recognize the respective conditions. Importantly, it also includes images acquired using techniques more recently adopted in clinical practice such as autofluoresence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography. The concise text reviews the basic concepts of etiology, diagnosis, and management in a highly accessible format. In contributions prepared by internationally respected experts, the atlas provides a cutting-edge analysis of each condition, as well as excellent summaries of recent work in the field. Macular Disorders is one of nine volumes in the series Retina Atlas. The series offers a global perspective on vitreoretinal diseases, covering imaging basics, retinal vascular disease, ocular inflammatory disease, retinal degeneration, surgical retina, macular disorders, ocular oncology, pediatric retina and trauma. In nine volumes and over 100 chapters, Retina Atlas offers comprehensive and validated information on retinal disorders.

This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Eye Essentials is a major series which provides authoritative and accessible information for all eye care professionals, whether in training or in practice. Each book is a rapid revision aid for students taking higher professional qualifications and a handy clinical reference guide for practitioners in busy clinics. Highly designed with synoptic text, handy tables, key bullet points, summaries, icons and stunning full colour illustrations, the books have rapidly established themselves as the essential eye clinic pocket books.

This timely publication fills a large gap in the ophthalmic literature which has so far lacked a monograph on the clinically very important subject of macular edema. The book presents the most up-to-date scientific concepts concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of blood retinal barrier breakdown such as tight junction associated protein dysfunction, and changes in fluid transport properties of the retinal pigment epithelium. The bulk of the book is clinically oriented and addresses novel imaging and diagnostic techniques for the detection of macular edema as well as the clinical context of a panoply of ocular diseases which induce macular edema, such as diabetes, other vasculopathies, uveitis, and many others. New light is shed on the association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and the induction of macular edema in HIV-positive patients. Novel drug treatment regimens with steroids and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as well as new ways of applying laser and surgical therapies are also discussed in detail, and practical treatment guidelines are given. This book will be helpful for vitreoretinal specialists as well as for the practising ophthalmologist confronted with patients suffering from macular edema.

Choroidal Disorders provides an overview on various chorioretinal disorders with a special emphasis on choroidal imaging. As our understanding of the choroid has significantly improved with the development of advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its role in posterior segment diseases is gaining new significance, this book focuses on the related improvements, diagnostic capabilities, management and prognosis of various chorioretinal disorders. It covers conventional techniques, such as ultrasonography and indocyanine green angiography as well as the most advanced techniques, including enhanced depth imaging OCT, swept source OCT, and OCT angiography. - Concise overview of various chorioretinal disorders, with special emphasis on choroidal imaging - Written for practitioners and researchers in sensory systems (vision), ophthalmologists, and retina specialists - Covers the most advanced imaging techniques in choroidal disorders, such as enhanced depth imaging OCT, swept source OCT, and OCT angiography

Intraocular inflammation is particularly difficult to diagnose and treat, often resembling a complex puzzle of patient history, symptoms, imaging, and laboratory test results. Clinical Cases in Uveitis: Differential Diagnosis and Management is a unique, case-based resource designed to help you navigate the range of challenging manifestations and presentations that often mimic other diseases. More than 90 real-world uveitis cases are presented in a highly templated, easy-to-follow format, along with step-by-step guidance on the right patient questions, assessment, differential diagnosis, testing, management, and follow-up care. - Provides a variety of patient presentations and scenarios and unique clinical situations that mirror day-to-day practice. - Covers current diagnostic imaging modalities, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICG). - Features diagnostic and management algorithms that assist in differential diagnosis and decision making for even the most complex cases, including those in which the patient does not improve as expected, prompting a reassessment of diagnosis and management. - Contains approximately 250 high-quality images, including color anterior segment photographs, color fundus photographs, OCT images, and angiograms. - Discusses distinguishing infectious from non-infectious inflammation; when and how to start systemic immunosuppressive therapy; diagnostic criteria and management of "white dot syndromes; pediatric uveitis; masquerade syndromes, including inherited retinal degenerations, malignancies, and paraneoplastic syndromes; and much more. - Includes the authors' specific thought processes and approach in particularly challenging cases. - An excellent resource and study tool for ophthalmology residents and fellows, those studying for oral boards, general ophthalmologists, retina specialists, and more.

This book will focus for the first time on how to avoid complications of uveitis, or how to deal with them either surgically or medically. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that all other books available on the subject of uveitis concentrate on pathogenesis, natural course, diagnosis and treatment of the uveitic entity itself, barely touching complications arising from inflammation. This book will be divided in chapters, each of them concentrating on a particular portion of the eye, from front to back, and how it can get affected by complications from inflammation. Inflammatory diseases causing these complications will be just superficially touched, the main focus will be the pathogenesis of the actual complication, prevention and treatment. Every chapter will be introduced by a section by a uveitis specialist on how inflammation can cause that particular complication, and how we can avoid it. Then a specialist in the sector (cornea surgeon, glaucoma surgeon, etc) will describe management of the complication. This multi-disciplinary approach to complications of uveitis will provide to the readers the tools to prevent them, or to correctly manage the. It will be a book mainly directed to uveitis specialist but that could also interest other specialists.

Recently developed diagnostic and therapeutic technologies such as OCT-angiography and small gauge vitrectomy have influenced the modern treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This volume provides a summary of the state-of-the-art evidence-based approach to managing complications that may occur with diabetic retinopathy. It offers the latest information on pathogenesis and diagnosis, and highly experienced clinicians review the results of relevant randomized clinical trials that serve as the basis of current therapy. The book provides not only a summary of data from randomized trials but also an analysis and interpretation by internationally renowned experts. Ophthalmology residents, fellows, and practicing clinicians will find this book to be a useful reference when seeking evidence-based treatment strategies for various complications of diabetic retinopathy. It is also for researchers identifying new avenues of drug developments and for insurance professionals and health care policy administrators who are establishing evidence-based therapy guidelines for therapeutic intervention.