This essay deals with the fascinating although complex relationship between the figure of Machiavelli and the Society of Jesus in Italy and Spain. The text introduces the reader to the way in which the Jesuits responded to Niccolò Machiavelli's political doctrine and followers, by presenting alternative conceptions of reason of state and the role of ethics in practical politics.Some of the topics and figures addressed in this essay include: -The Jesuits: Machiavellian or anti-Machiavellian?-Casuistry-Simulation and dissimulation in politics-The anti-Jesuit libel 'Secreta Monita'-Reason of state and Christian reason of state-Counter-Reformation in Italy and Spain-Niccolò Machiavelli's 'The Prince' and the 'Discourses'-Ignatius of Loyola-Giovanni Botero's 'On Reason of State' ('Della ragion di stato')-Pedro de Ribadeneyra, Juan de Mariana, Francisco de QuevedoThe essay contains, among other things, 11 plates that depict authors and covers of the main texts mentioned in its pages, as well as a list of helpful online resources. In addition, Clara Iglesias-Rondina (under the name 'M.C. Iglesias') is the author of the cover illustration, titled 'The Warrior'. This is the first volume of a series entitled 'The Anti-Machiavellians' that analyzes the early reaction to Machiavelli's teachings in Europe. The next volume will focus on the utilization of Machiavelli's texts by relevant anti-Machiavellian thinkers in England, France, Italy and Spain. (Essay: 16,200 words).About the Author: Clara Iglesias-Rondina is a scholar, author and illustrator. She earned her Ph.D. in Italian Studies at Yale University, a B.A. and M.A. at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, as well as a B.A. in Fine Arts in Santa Fe, Argentina. 'Machiavelli and the Jesuits. An Introduction' is her first book. Her future projects include volumes on Dante Alighieri, illustrated books, and a novel. She is the author of all the illustrations on the covers of her books.

Volume 22, Diversity, is a special volume in the new series of Medievalia et Humanistica, focusing on the diversity of voices in medieval and early Renaissance literature. Six original articles explore themes of law, art, and piety at all levels of medieval and early Renaissance society, from the common audience of Malory's England to the aristocratic courts of Germany. . In addition to these six original articles, this volume offers two review articles and 28 review notices on 49 recent publications. Scholars, teachers, and students will find this volume presents a sampling of the variety and abundance of medieval and early Renaissance studies today.

How Machiavelli's Christianity shaped his political thought To many readers of The Prince, Machiavelli appears to be deeply un-Christian or even anti-Christian, a cynic who thinks rulers should use religion only to keep their subjects in check. But in Machiavelli's God, Maurizio Viroli, one of the world's leading authorities on Machiavelli, argues that Machiavelli, far from opposing Christianity, thought it was crucial to republican social and political renewal—but that first it needed to be renewed itself. And without understanding this, Viroli contends, it is impossible to comprehend Machiavelli's thought. Viroli places Machiavelli in the context of Florence's republican Christianity, which was founded on the idea that the true Christian is a citizen who serves the common good. In this tradition, God participates in human affairs, supports and rewards those who govern justly, and desires men to make the earthly city similar to the divine one. Building on this tradition, Machiavelli advocated a religion of virtue, and he believed that, without this faith, free republics could not be established, defend themselves against corruption, or survive. Viroli makes a powerful case that Machiavelli, far from being a pagan or atheist, was a prophet of a true religion of liberty, a way of moral and political living that would rediscover and pursue charity and justice. The translation of this work has been funded by SEPS—Segretariato Europeo per le Pubblicazioni Scientifiche.

Between 1513 and 1525 Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a series of works dealing with political, military, and historical matters. One of these (the 'Arte della guerra') was published in 1521, but the rest of his major writings were not published until 1531-2, nearly five years after his death. They continued to be reissued regularly, well into the early seventeenth century. The popularity of Machiavelli's books, the variety of his themes, the different contexts within which he was studied, the range of readers' interests, and the fact that his name entered the vocabulary of every European language - all make his early reception a fruitful field of enquiry. Historians of ideas have tended to tidy up the past in order to make it comprehensible but Sydney Anglo is concerned with heterogeneity, and with the often irrational and emotional aspects of sixteenth-century thought. Basing his research entirely upon primary sources he quotes extensively in the conviction that, in a battle of words, the words themselves and their tone convey more than summaries of intellectual abstractions. Authors - hostile, enthusiastic, and indifferent - are closely examined; and many different contexts, political and intellectual, are considered. Sometimes Machiavelli was influential, sometimes not, but in this history of his reception, silences often prove significant. Written in a lively and trenchant style, this new interpretation of the impact of Machievalli is an original contribution of high quality by a leading expert in the field of Renaissance studies.

This book explores sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Jesuit contributions to the rhetorical tradition established by Isocrates, Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian. It analyses the writings of those Jesuits who taught rhetoric at the College of Rome, including Pedro Juan Perpiña, (1530–66), Carlo Reggio (1539–1612), Francesco Benci (1542–94), Famiano Strada (1572–1649) and Tarquinio Galluzzi (1574–1649). Additionally, it discusses the rhetorical views of Jesuits who were not based in Rome, most notably Cypriano Soarez (1524–93), the author of the popular manual De arte rhetorica. Jesuit education, Ciceronianism and civic life feature as the key themes of the book. Early Jesuits and the Rhetorical Tradition, 1540–1650 argues that, in line with Cicero, early modern Jesuit teachers and humanists associated rhetoric with a civic function. Jesuit writings, not only on rhetoric, but also on moral, religious and political themes, testify to their thorough familiarity with Cicero’s civic philosophy. Following Cicero, Isocrates and Renaissance humanists, early modern Jesuit teachers of the studia humanitatis coupled eloquence with wisdom and, in so doing, invested the rhetorician with such qualities and duties which many quattrocento humanists ascribed to an active citizen or statesman. These qualities centred on the duty to promote the common good by actively participating in civic life. This book will appeal to scholars and students alike interested in the history of the Jesuits, history of ideas and early modern history in general.

This is the first book in English to explore the relationship between Stalin's ideas and methods, and the practices advocated by Machiavelli and those associated with 'Machiavellian' politics. It advances the concept of 'revolutionary Machiavellism' as a way of understanding a particular strand of revolutionary thought from the Jacobins through to Leninism and Stalinism. By providing a wide-ranging survey of European political thought in the Nineteenth - and early Twentieth-century, E. A. Rees locates the Bolshevik tradition within the wider European tradition.

An astounding history of the accomplishments of the Society of Jesus, from painting and poetry to cartography and physics, from Europe to New France to China.

Through its missionary, pedagogical, and scientific accomplishments, the Society of Jesus-known as the Jesuits-became one of the first institutions with a truly "global" reach, in practice and intention. The Oxford Handbook of the Jesuits offers a critical assessment of the Order, helping to chart new directions for research at a time when there is renewed interest in Jesuit studies. In particular, the Handbook examines their resilient dynamism and innovative spirit, grounded in Catholic theology and Christian spirituality, but also profoundly rooted in society and cultural institutions. It also explores Jesuit contributions to education, the arts, politics, and theology, among others. The volume is organized in seven major sections, totaling forty articles, on the Order's foundation and administration, the theological underpinnings of its activities, the Jesuit involvement with secular culture, missiology, the Order's contributions to the arts and sciences, the suppression the Order endured in the 18th century, and finally, the restoration. The volume also looks at the way the Jesuit Order is changing, including becoming more non-European and ethnically diverse, with its members increasingly interested in engaging society in addition to traditional pastoral duties.

Despite the significance of the Society of Jesus in Counter-Reformation Europe and beyond, important issues relating to the society's collective history are little understood. Harro Höpfl presents a pioneering study of Jesuit thinking, exploring how far the society developed and maintained a distinctive position on key questions of political thought.

In The Jesuits, Malachi Martin reveals for the first time the harrowing behind-the-scenes story of the "new" worldwide Society of Jesus. The leaders and the dupes; the blood and the pathos; the politics, the betrayals and the humiliations; the unheard-of alliances and compromises. The Jesuits tells a true story of today that is already changing the face of all our tomorrows.