Collection of essays on history, society, culture, language and literacy of Antique.

In Senegal, the Muridiyya, a large Islamic Sufi order, is the single most influential religious organization, including among its numbers the nation’s president. Yet little is known of this sect in the West. Drawn from a wide variety of archival, oral, and iconographic sources in Arabic, French, and Wolof, Fighting the Greater Jihad offers an astute analysis of the founding and development of the order and a biographical study of its founder, Cheikh Amadu Bamba Mbacke. Cheikh Anta Babou explores the forging of Murid identity and pedagogy around the person and initiative of Amadu Bamba as well as the continuing reconstruction of this identity by more recent followers. He makes a compelling case for reexamining the history of Muslim institutions in Africa and elsewhere in order to appreciate believers’ motivation and initiatives, especially religious culture and education, beyond the narrow confines of political collaboration and resistance. Fighting the Greater Jihad also reveals how religious power is built at the intersection of genealogy, knowledge, and spiritual force, and how this power in turn affected colonial policy. Fighting the Greater Jihad will dramatically alter the perspective from which anthropologists, historians, and political scientists study Muslim mystical orders.

The early non-Oromo writers have distorted the history of the Oromo. Without scientific research, they were speaking of the so-called Oromo migration of the 16th century. Against the unscientific thesis, of the early scholars, this work confirmed the Oromo to be not only the indigenous African peoples, but also belong to the Cushitic Africans who invented the first world civilization. Their egalitarian and holistic culture, the gadaa system is part of the ancient Cushitic civilization. It is the base for modern democratic system of governance. The root word of 'gadaa' is originated from ‘Ka’, the creator God of the ancient religion of the Cushitic Africans. From this very name, Ka originated the Oromo word “Waaqa”, which also means creator of everything. This shows that the Oromo are among the first nations who came up with the idea of monotheism. Therefore, this work disqualifies the missionary assumptions describing the Oromo Indigenous Religion (OIR) as Satanism and its religious experts, the Qaalluus as witchdoctors or sorcerers. This dissertation discovered many identical, similar, partial similar and few differing elements between the Oromo Indigenous Religion (OIR) and Oromo Christianity (OC). Also, the study identified many Oromo cultural elements that are compatible to Christianity, therefore must be adopted by the Oromo Christianity. According modern scholarship God revealed himself in every human culture and religion is part of human culture. Therefore, no religion can claim to be “the only true religion”. Based on this principle, this dissertation calls all leaders of religious institutions in Oromia, to change their attitude, develop culture of tolerance, conduct constructive religious dialogue, create the atmosphere of peaceful coexistence of all religions and establish sustainable peace that serves humanity.

Walking Qur'an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa

In The Burning City, Alaya Dawn Johnson continues the trilogy begun with her debut, Racing the Dark, delving deeper into the world of magic wielded by women who understand the dark trade-offs of power and sacrifice. Lana, the heroine, has become the black ange l —a harbinger of destruction unheard of in the islands for 500 years. Nui'ahi, the sleeping volcano of the great city Essel, has erupted. In the chaos, the city is reshaping itself and violence threatens from all corners. A rebel movement has formed in the destroyed heart of the city, determined to oust Kohaku, the mad Mo'i of Essel. Lana wants no part of the rebels' cause — the death spirit still chases her, and the great witch Akua has kidnapped Lana's mother. But the more Lana looks for her mother, the more she is drawn into the city's political conflicts. As Kohaku descends deeper into madness, determined to subdue the city by any means necessary, his wife has run away to the fire temple, where she too is slowly converted to the rebel's cause. When long-running tensions spill over into civil war, Lana must make her hardest decision yet: her mother's life, or a city's freedom?

This title explores the ways in which Muslims relate various forms of religious oratory to authoritative tradition in 21st-century Islamic practice, while striving to adapt to local contexts and the changing circumstances of politics, media and society.

While in exile in Gabon (1895–1902), Sheikh Ahmadu Bamba marked a historic moment with his poetry of resilience, pivotal to the cultural and religious transformation of the Murīds of Senegal. The qaṣāʾid (poems) included in this annotated edition, most of them hymns of praise to the qualities of Allāh and the Prophet Muḥammad, and professions of faith that demonstrate how to realize the precepts found in the Qur’ān, display the underlying elements of Sheikh Ahmadu Bamba’s imaginative energy and poetic vision. They reveal a unifying poetic purpose and exemplify Ṣūfī literary traditions in subject matter, form, and versification and aim to explore the deepest regions of mysticism in search of the divine truth.

When violence occurs in democracies it is often characterized as an aberration. The state that saw human rights violations and failure of law and order in Gujarat in 2002 emerged, even if by its own admission, as a model for good governance. Communal Violence, Forced Migration and the State, through an account of displaced Muslims, challenges this notion. Through the unlikely yet probing lens of displacement, it offers fresh insight into communal violence and is an important resource for the emerging domain of forced migration and the changing nature of the state in a globalized world.