Universal Logic is not a new logic, but a general theory of logics, considered as mathematical structures. The name was introduced about ten years ago, but the subject is as old as the beginning of modern logic. It was revived after the flowering of thousands of new logics during the last thirty years: there was a need for a systematic theory of logics to put some order in this chaotic multiplicity. The present book contains recent works on universal logic by first-class researchers from all around the world. The book is full of new and challenging ideas that will guide the future of this exciting subject. It will be of interest for people who want to better understand what logic is. It will help those who are lost in the jungle of heterogeneous logical systems to find a way. Tools and concepts are provided here for those who want to study classes of already existing logics or want to design and build new ones.

Originally published in 1964. This book is a translation of Institutio Logica, which was probably written by Galen, although scholars disagree on the possibility of this work being a forgery. It provides a survey on the history of logic written around the third century.

This is the only complete translation of Lambert of Auxerre's Logica in any language, providing a comprehensive study of his logic situated in the context of contemporaries and predecessors.

First published in 1998, this influential volume entered the debate on Foreign Direct Investment in the UK and focuses on the role of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in the service rather than manufacturing and primary sectors. While the significance of the service industry had been recognised (exceeding 60% of total GDP in some countries at the time of original publication), the role of FDIs has not. Joanne Roberts thus contributed to a woefully under researched field, covering areas including international trade, the organisational theory of the firm and the UK business sector.

La Lógica de la Mentira, es un reflejo del espejismo claro oscuro de la ética de la verdad, que tiene su desenlace en un silogismo falso que parte de premisas incompletas que justifican una idea errada; o, una decisión de trascendencia general que tiene una implicación futura, fatalista y determinista en perjuicio de las generaciones por nacer. La Lógica de la Mentira, es una obra que trata sobre los mecanismos de defensa que las personas, son propensa usar en situaciones que requieren una salida rápida sin evaluar las causas y consecuencias de la decisión asumida, que pudiera en lo inmediato o a largo plazo, perjudicar a terceros; y estos, a su vez, puedan perjudicar a otras personas, configurándose una cadena entrelazada de actuaciones, que tiene en principio su origen, en una mentira aparentemente lógica. Por ejemplo, es frecuente ver, como las decisiones de los Estados Naciones, Políticos, Jueces, Fiscales, y el Ciudadano común, están básicamente arraigadas en prejuicios.

Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Kilwardby OP (c. 1215-1279) was a very important and influential thinker in his time, but he has not received the scholarly attention he deserves. In this book we present the first study of all of his philosophical works from logic and grammar to metaphysics and ethics. It contains a substantial introduction about Kilwardby's life and work as well as a comprehensive bibliography. The articles are all newly written by the foremost experts on Kilwardby today. The book should be of interest to any one studying medieval philosophy but foremost for scholars of thirteenth century philosophy. Contributors include Henrik Lagerlund, Paul Thom, Anthony Celano, Alessandro D. Conti, Amos Corbini, Silvia Donati, C.H. Kneepkens, Alfonso Maierù, José Filipe Silva and Cecilia Trifogli.