Examining EC provisions for dealing effectively with the need to compensate individuals for wrongful acts, this volume covers topics ranging from non-contractual liability of the Community for different kinds of legal act, to questions of damages and the Community's contractual liability.

In this series of chapters on contract damages issues, Victor P. Goldberg provides a framework for analyzing the problems that arise when determining damages, and applies it to case law in both the USA and the UK.

This second edition is an essential text on the Law of Damages, providing a comprehensive and authoritative account of the legal principles to be applied in assessing damages. It examines the current law and also highlights areas for possible future development. The text covers all the key areas and general principles of damages making it an essential text for both practitioners and academics.Written by leading academics and QCs, this essential text on the Law of Damages provides a comprehensive and authoritative account of the legal principles to be applied in assessing damages. It examines the current law and highlights areas for possible future development. Commentary has been extensively updated to include:* Two new chapters: Contracts for the Benefit of Third Parties and Penalties and Liquidated Damages* A detailed and incisive consideration of the post-April 2005 periodic payment regime and particular consideration of the decision of the Court of Appeal in Thompstone v. Tameside* A Practitioner's insight into the complexity of the deduction of state benefits in high value claims with particular reference to the decision in Crofton v. National Health Service Litigation Authority* A helpful guide for practitioners to the assessment of general damages utilising the JSB Guidelines, Eighth edition* A comprehensive review of all the up-to-date authorities on assessment of damages, both special and future loss, in personal injury claimsThe book is part of the Common Law menu which is supported by annual updates.

Damages and other forms of redress are the object of nearly every international investment dispute. Given the financial stakes in these cases, compensation is a key concern for both foreign investors and States. The increasingly large sums awarded and the growing complexity of claims call for a renewed analysis of legal and valuation concepts related to damages. Contemporary and Emerging Issues on the Law of Damages and Valuation in International Investment Arbitration, edited by Christina L. Beharry, examines a broad range of damages topics, building on basic principles and surveying current developments to identify trends in the jurisprudence. A central contribution of this book is its exploration of cutting-edge issues dominating a new generation of investment awards and the interconnectedness of damages with other areas of international investment law. This volume brings together leading practitioners, experts, and academics with extensive experience working on issues related to the law of damages and the quantification of compensation. Readers are provided with a deeper understanding of legal and valuation principles that are often the source of intense debate in international investment cases.

Over the past two decades, the United States has seen a dramatic increase in the number and magnitude of punitive damages verdicts rendered by juries in civil trials. Probably the most extraordinary example is the July 2000 award of $144.8 billion in the Florida class action lawsuit brought against cigarette manufacturers. Or consider two recent verdicts against the auto manufacturer BMW in Alabama. In identical cases, argued in the same court before the same judge, one jury awarded $4 million in punitive damages, while the other awarded no punitive damages at all. In cases involving accidents, civil rights, and the environment, multimillion-dollar punitive awards have been a subject of intense controversy. But how do juries actually make decisions about punitive damages? To find out, the authors-experts in psychology, economics, and the law-present the results of controlled experiments with more than 600 mock juries involving the responses of more than 8,000 jury-eligible citizens. Although juries tended to agree in their moral judgments about the defendant's conduct, they rendered erratic and unpredictable dollar awards. The experiments also showed that instead of moderating juror verdicts, the process of jury deliberation produced a striking "severity shift" toward ever-higher awards. Jurors also tended to ignore instructions from the judges; were influenced by whatever amount the plaintiff happened to request; showed "hindsight bias," believing that what happened should have been foreseen; and penalized corporations that had based their decisions on careful cost-benefit analyses. While judges made many of the same errors, they performed better in some areas, suggesting that judges (or other specialists) may be better equipped than juries to decide punitive damages. Using a wealth of new experimental data, and offering a host of provocative findings, this book documents a wide range of systematic biases in jury behavior. It will be indispensable for anyone interested not only in punitive damages, but also jury behavior, psychology, and how people think about punishment.