Landmarks in Nephrology points the reader to some of the seminal observations which have led to the practice of nephrology as we know it today. Twenty areas of nephrology are covered by discrete chapters, with the editors selecting the ten most important papers ever published in that field. These range from observational and experimental studies from the 18th century, which laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the kidney, through to recent randomized controlled clinical trials. The papers also reflect the emergence of nephrology as a speciality in the last fifty years, stimulated particularly by the introduction of renal biopsy and the development of dialysis and transplantation as effective forms of renal replacement therapy. For each paper, there is a succinct commentary which highlights the importance of the work in its historical context, as well as a recommended reading section to encourage the interested reader to explore further. It is of course a near-impossible task to choose only two hundred papers from the whole oeuvre of nephrology. However, these chosen few are undoubtedly among the great landmarks of nephrology, reflecting the varying coincidences of brilliance, persistence, and good fortune which are necessary for progress in medical science. Encompassing the breadth, range and depth of the intellectual journey which precedes us in the development of nephrology, they provide a telling illustration of Sir Isaac Newton's words to Robert Hooke in 1675: 'If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'.

This book selects the most important scientific papers related to kidney disease and comments on their significance within the wider field. Fascinating reading for both nephrologists and medical historians, no doubt giving rise to further debate over the origins and progress of nephrology.

ACPs journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, is one of the most prestigious journals in medicine. This new book looks at the landmark papers published in Annals, as selected by leading experts from each subspecialty of internal medicine, and how they impacted (and continue to influence) medical science.

Otolaryngological conditions affect people of all ages from newborns to older members of society, and have serious consequences for daily functions such as breathing, taste, and communication. There is a constant desire to understand the best evidence for current practice in a constantly evolving field such as medicine, and key publications underpin this contemporary knowledge. Landmark Papers in Otolaryngology presents a distilled summary of 99 of the classic, ground-breaking, and significant publications in the field of otolaryngology that are of essential relevance to the speciality today. Each paper is described, critiqued, and brought into the context of modern-day practice by a carefully selected team of international authorities from each subspecialist area to provide the reader with a clear understanding of the key publications in otolaryngology. Whether your aim is to understand the origins of otolaryngology, to review advances in key areas, or to gain insight from experts, this book offers a wealth of knowledge for everyone in the field, from the new trainee to the senior clinician. Landmark Papers in Otolaryngology is an invaluable and easily accessible reference text for all practitioners in the field, as well as those in overlapping specialities such as maxillofacial surgery, neurology, and plastic surgery.

Advances in the practice of psychiatry have occurred in "fits and starts" over the last several decades. These advances are evident to anyone long affiliated with the field and are best appreciated through direct experience of living through the times. These advances can also be gleaned from historical overviews in textbooks or the recollections of one's teachers and mentors. Returning to the original papers that have ushered in these changes is rarely done for various, mostly practical, reasons. Filtering through thousands of articles in psychiatry may prove daunting, access to the manuscripts may be limited (especially for papers not available electronically), and understanding their impact requires a broader context. Moreover, with so much active research currently occurring in various branches of psychiatry, current practitioners or trainees may find their attention focused on the present, and this is reinforced by electronic search algorithms, which return articles in reverse chronological order. Not surprisingly, citations for articles in virtually all fields decline precipitously for articles over five years old. As scholars and professionals, we are losing touch with our academic heritage. Yet navigating the future of psychiatry requires a firm understanding of its past. This resource serves as a guide for anyone seeking to understand the evolution of psychiatry as a scientific discipline. It does so by summarizing over 100 landmark papers in psychiatry and placing their scientific contributions within a historical context. An introductory section sets the stage for the major theoretical constructs within the field, with chapters devoted to ontology and nosology. Subsequent sections examine major facets of the theory and practice of psychiatry, such as pathogenesis of psychiatric illness, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and somatic treatments. These sections are divided logically into chapters addressing important contributions to the understanding and treatment of specific disorders. A final section explores ethical considerations within each field. This framework echoes the complexity of psychiatry, which cannot be reduced to a single set of diagnoses or subspecialty categories. Highlighting the research trajectory of psychiatry, this resource will appeal to academics, trainees, and practitioners who desire a comprehensive, easy-to-read, up-to-date collection of psychiatry's pivotal moments. By understanding the challenges, inspirations, and insights from the past, readers will be better poised to address new and ongoing challenges within the field.

Landmarks in Nephrology points the reader to some of the seminal observations which have led to the practice of nephrology as we know it today.Twenty areas of nephrology are covered by discrete chapters, with the editors selecting the ten most important papers ever published in that field. These range from observational and experimental studies from the 18th century, which laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the kidney, through to recent randomized controlled clinical trials. The papers also reflect the emergence of nephrology as a speciality in the last fifty years, stimulated particularly by the introduction ofrenal biopsy and the development of dialysis and transplantation as effective forms of renal replacement therapy. For each paper, there is a succinct commentary which highlights the importance of the work in its historical context, as well as a recommended reading section to encourage the interestedreader to explore further.It is of course a near-impossible task to choose only two hundred papers from the whole oeuvre of nephrology. However, these chosen few are undoubtedly among the great landmarks of nephrology, reflecting the varying coincidences of brilliance, persistence, and good fortune which are necessary for progress in medical science. Encompassing the breadth, range and depth of the intellectual journey which precedes us in the development of nephrology, they provide a telling illustration of Sir IsaacNewtons words to Robert Hooke in 1675: If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.

Landmark Papers in General Surgery will give surgeons, surgical trainees and other healthcare professionals an expert appraisal of key papers, and fast access to the evidence base behind current clinical practice in General Surgery. Each chapter draws together a fascinating selection of the most important clinical trials across every subspecialty within General Surgery, as selected and appraised by a panel of experts. Organized according to a common format, each discussion offers a clear structure by which to appraise the medical literature. Following a background summary of each trial, experts discuss the impact of the research and critique the methods used, giving the reader rapid understanding of the paper's place within the wider field of research. This emphasis on the tools of critical appraisal is enhanced by an introductory chapter equipping the reader with the skills required to knowledgeably appraise a research paper. For clinicians needing to keep abreast of the vast scope of medical research, this book will prove an interesting and timesaving resource, but it will also appeal to allied health professionals keen to improve the depth of their understanding of surgery. By bringing together the evidence base with expert guidance on critical appraisal, higher surgical trainees preparing for the academic and specialty sections of the FRCS exit examination will also find the text invaluable as a means of consolidating and nuancing their knowledge.

Evidence-based medicine is a concept that has come to the fore in the past few years. Clinicians are increasingly encouraged to practise patient management based on available evidence in the scientific literature. For example, new pharmacological therapies are only used when large randomized trials have 'proven' that a particular drug is better than existing ones. This is also the case in surgical specialties, although surgery has traditionally seen a lack of useof this information, with individual surgeon's preferences being most influential in treatment choices. However, more recently, there has been a large expansion of trials and studies aimed at providingsurgeons with information to guide their choices using firm evidence. This new edition has been revised and expanded to include new data where relevant, and also features a new chapter on pituitary surgery. Landmark Papers in Neurosurgery 2e remains a key collection of the most important trials and studies in neurosurgery, allowing the reader to rapidly extract key results, and making it essential reading for all neurosurgeons and trainees in the field.

Landmark Papers in Cardiovascular Medicine provides a thorough and wide-ranging analysis of core examples of novel research, clinical trials and seminal papers that have paved the way for breakthroughs in the management of the entire spectrum of cardiovascular disease.