In 1984, when this book was originally published the need to take forestry outside the forests and involve local people in tree growing was widely recognised. Projects to encourage farm and community forestry were launched in over 50 developing countries. This book describes the main approaches which were taken, discussing their scope and limitation. It examines the reasons why people plant trees, and the constraints which prevent them from doing so. It analyses supply and demand systems for wood, and the underlying forces causing tree depletion. Key aspects of programme design and implementation are also covered, including technical problems, the role of extension services and programme planning requirements.

Soil erosion has become a problem of crisis proportions in developing countries around the globe, and better approaches to land management are desperately needed. This book provides analytical frameworks to guide the creation and appraisal of soil erosion control programs. The authors discuss a broad range of important issues involved in designing and implementing more effective soil conservation programs. The book begins with a discussion of the physical and economic dimensions of soil erosion and an estimation of the extent of the problem. It then explains how to improve the evaluation of soil conservation programs by integrating scientific knowledge with economic methods and procedures. A series of practical illustrations graphically demonstrates the application of the concepts derived from the theory. The most important organizational, institutional, technical, and macroeconomic aspects of soil and land management appraisal are outlined, and the major elements of project or program design are also pinpointed and illustrated. Finally, the book suggests areas most in need of future research.

Looking Back To Think Ahead Maps And Quantifies The Extent Of Damage To India`S Environment And Natural Resource Base That Accompanied Economic Growth During The First 50 Years After India`S Independence (1947-97). Guided By A Distinguished Team Of Advisors, The Study Report-Both In Detailed And Abridged Versions-Advocates For A Paradigm Shifts So As To Create Positive Impacts On The Environment While Realizing Healthy Economic Growth Rates. This `Looking Back` Provided The Foundation Of The `Think Ahead` Component Of The Study (Disha (Directions, Innovations, And Strategies For Harnessing Action). The Publication-Disha For Sustainable Development-Presents `Business-As-Usual` And `Alternative` Policy Scenarios For The Period 1997-2047, And Offers Quantitative Projections For The State Of India`S Natural Resources And The Environment Under The Influence Of Such Policies.