This book serves as a reference for those interested in state-of-the-art research on the science and technology of ionic liquids (ILs), particularly in relation to lipids processing and analysis. Topics include a review of the chemistry and physics of ILs as well as a quantitative understanding of structure-activity relationships at the molecular level. Further, chapter authors examine the molecular basis of the toxicity of ILs, the prediction of the properties of ILs, and the rationale and steps toward a priori design of ionic liquids for task-defined applications. Emerging research in developing lipid-inspired ILs and their prospective use in drug formulation is described. Among the highlights are the latest advances in IL-mediated biocatalysis and biotransformation, along with lipase production, purification, and activation. - Reviews the state-of-the-art applications of ionic liquids in lipid processing and relevant areas from a variety of perspectives - Summarizes the latest advances in the measurement of the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids and available databases of thermodynamic property datapoints - Presents the tremendous opportunities provided and challenges faced from ionic liquids as a newly emerging technology for lipids processing area

The encyclopedia consists 13 subareas as follows: 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Fu-Wei Li and Prof. Zhen Li) 2: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Qing Zhou, Prof. Xingmei Lu and Prof. Xiaoyan Ji) 3: Computational and Theoretical Modeling of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Guang Feng and Prof. Peter T. Cummings) 4: Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Chunxi Li and Prof. Stefan Stolte) 5: Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Yingying Lu, Prof. Houlong Zhuang and Prof. Chuan Zhao) 6. Ionic Liquids in Organic Reaction (Section Editors: Prof. Liang-Nian He and Prof. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage) 7. Ionic Liquids in Separation (Section Editors: Prof. Huabin Xing) 8. Ionic Liquids in Biomass and Biomolecules (Section Editors: Prof. Toshiyuki Itoh and Prof. Jian Sun) 9. Ionic Liquids in Materials Science (Section Editors: Prof. Sheng Dai and Prof. Tao Wang) 10. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Jinming Zhang and Prof. Jun Zhang) 11. Ionic Liquids in Environmental Science (Section Editors: Prof. Tiancheng Mu, Prof. Arunprakash T. Karunanithi and Prof. Yingxiong Wang) 12. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Buxing Han and Prof. Peter Licence) 13. Emerging Applications of Ionic Liquids (Pharmacology, Food Science, Agriculture, Nuclear Science Technology, Optics) (Section Editors: Prof. Zhonghao Li and Prof. Maya Guncheva) This encyclopedia is systematic and comprehensive, with detailed descriptions about theory, technology, and industrial applications. This encyclopedia is valuable for students, researchers and industrial players, giving them a quick understanding and overview of ionic liquids in various aspects.

The Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies is a 5-volume collection that highlights various design, development, and applications of novel and innovative strategies for food processing and preservation. Together, the 5 volumes will prove to be valuable resource for researchers, scientists, students, growers, traders, processors, and others in the food processing industry.

This book is written by international experts with both academic and industrial credentials. It presents for the first time, a collection of up-to-date scientific advances in the area of edible fats and oils technology, over a span of 10 years from 2009 to the year 2019. The book covers the existing and recent advanced techniques adopted in the edible fats and oils research and touches on the processing and modification, to the traceability and sustainability issues of fats and oils. Some recent technologies like supercritical carbon dioxide, microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic‐ assisted processes, ionic liquid, enzymatic processes, biosensor and membrane technology are presented in the book. The book aims to provide the technologists and researchers in research, development and operations in the edible fats and oils industries with critical and readily accessible information on the recent advances in the field. The book is divided into three broad sections- Fats and Oils Chemistry and Processing, Fats and Oils Modification and Health Implications, and Fats and Oils Safety, Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts. It is an extremely comprehensive and valuable resource, which serves as an essential reference for students and lipid scientists from academia or industry.

Numerous solvents used in chemical processes have poisonous and unsafe properties that pose significant ecological concerns ranging from atmospheric emissions to the contamination of water effluents. To combat these ecological threats, over the course of the past two decades, the field of green chemistry has grown to develop more natural reaction processes and techniques involving the use of nonconventional solvents to diminish waste solvent production and thus decrease negative impact on the environment. Ionic liquids in particular are more environmentally friendly substitutes to conventional solvents, and as such, have seen more widespread use in the past decade. They have been used in such processes as extraction, separation, purification of organic, inorganic, and bioinorganic compounds, reaction media in biochemical and chemical catalysis, green organic and drug synthesis, among other industrial applications. Thus, in proving themselves a suitable greener media for economic viability in chemical processes, ionic liquids are leading to more sustainable development. This edition explores the application of ionic liquids as a green solvent. It contains a state-of-the-art overview on ionic liquids as green solvents for chemical processes and techniques, as well as some of their useful industrial applications.

Explore and review novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems with this essential toolkit. Topics include discussion of the principles of process intensification, the nexus between process intensification and sustainable engineering, and the fundamentals of liquid-liquid contacting, from an expert with over forty-five years' experience in the field. Providing promising directions for investment and for new research in process intensification, in addition to a unique review of the fundamentals of the topic, this book is the perfect guide for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, developers, and research staff in chemical engineering and biochemical engineering.

This volume describes the most recent findings on the structure of ILs interpreted through cutting-edge experimental and theoretical methods. Research in the field of ionic liquids (ILs) keeps a fast and steady pace. Since these new-generation molten salts first appeared in the chemistry and physics landscape, a large number of new compounds has been synthesized. Most of them display unexpected behaviour and possess stunning properties. The coverage in this book ranges from the mesoscopic structure of ILs to their interaction with proteins. The reader will learn how diffraction techniques (small and large angle X-Ray and neutron scattering, powder methods), X-Ray absorption spectroscopies (EXAFS/XANES), optical methods (IR, RAMAN), NMR and calorimetric methods can help the study of ILs, both as neat liquids and in mixtures with other compounds. It will enable the reader to choose the best method to suit their experimental needs. A detailed survey of theoretical methods, both quantum-chemical and classical, and of their predictive power will accompany the exposition of experimental ones. This book is a must read for postgraduate students, for post-docs, and for researchers who are interested in understanding the structural properties of ILs.

Ionic liquids and Their Application in Green Chemistry covers the synthesis and characterization of a broad range of ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers, along with their application in multiple areas for nanomaterials and environmental sustainability. The book provides reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications. It covers not only the conventional IL applications. but also advanced IL polymer-based materials and their application in energy storage and energy generator applications. Finally, the book discusses the major fields of application of IL-based materials in synthesis of nanomaterials and the role in graphene synthesis and its composites. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, this book brings the literature up to date on the most recent progress in the field of IL based materials and their applications for the environmental sustainability. - Covers a broad area of applications, discussing the combination of materials and green chemistry, along with ILs - Provides complete information on the relationship between IL-based nanocomposites and their application in energy harvesting - Presents detailed case studies to help readers understand all the pros and cons of using these materials in their future research

Gene Delivery into Mammalian Cells: An Overview on Existing Approaches Employed In Vitro and In Vivo, by Peter Hahn and Elizabeth Scanlan * Strategies for the Preparation of Synthetic Transfection Vectors, by Asier Unciti-Broceta, Matthew N. Bacon, and Mark Bradley * Cationic Lipids: Molecular Structure/Transfection Activity Relationships and Interactions with Biomembranes, by Rumiana Koynova and Boris Tenchov * Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection, by Wiebke Fischer, Marcelo Calderon, and Rainer Haag * Carbohydrate Polymers for Nonviral Nucleic Acid Delivery, by Antons Sizovs, Patrick M. McLendon, Sathya Srinivasachari, and Theresa M. Reineke * Cationic Liposome–Nucleic Acid Complexes for Gene Delivery and Silencing: Pathways and Mechanisms for Plasmid DNA and siRNA, by Kai K. Ewert, Alexandra Zidovska, Ayesha Ahmad, Nathan F. Bouxsein, Heather M. Evans, Christopher S. McAllister, Charles E. Samuel, and Cyrus R. Safinya * Chemically Programmed Polymers for Targeted DNA and siRNA Transfection, by Eveline Edith Salcher and Ernst Wagner * Photochemical Internalization: A New Tool for Gene and Oligonucleotide Delivery, by Kristian Berg, Maria Berstad, Lina Prasmickaite, Anette Weyergang, Pål K. Selbo, Ida Hedfors, and Anders Høgset * Visualizing Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Gene Carriers by Single-Particle Tracking, by N. Ruthardt and C. Bräuchle

Insects as Food and Food Ingredients: Technological Improvements, Sustainability, and Safety Aspects addresses the use of insects as food by following a farm-to-fork approach and covering general aspects concerning farming, processing and the main applications of insects and insect derived ingredients in the food sector. Broken into three sections, this book addresses insect farming, the challenges of processing whole insects, or their fractionation into insect ingredients by the means of conventional and innovative technologies, as well as the biological properties, application, safety, functionality and nutritional value of both insects and their ingredients for food applications. Nutrition researchers, nutritionists, food scientists, health professionals, agricultural researchers, biosystem engineers and those working in or studying related disciplines will benefit from this reference. - Outlines general concepts related to insect rearing, nutritional value, safety and sustainability of production for food applications - Highlights current and recent advances in full insect and insect ingredients processing using innovative technologies - Presents the main applications of insects and their compounds, including functional and biological properties when used as food and other promising applications and prospects of insects in the agri-food sector