Carbon has always been a unique and intriguing material from a funda mental standpoint and, at the same time, a material with many technological uses. Carbon-based materials, diamond, graphite and their many deriva tives, have attracted much attention in recent years for many reasons. Ion implantation, which has proven to be most useful in modifying the near surface properties of many kinds of materials, in particular semiconductors, has also been applied to carbon-based materials. This has yielded, mainly in the last decade, many scientifically interesting and technologically impor tant results. Reports on these studies have been published in a wide variety of journals and topical conferences, which often have little disciplinary overlap, and which often address very different audiences. The need for a review to cover in an integrated way the various diverse aspects of the field has become increasingly obvious. Such a review should allow the reader to get an overview of the research that has been done thus far, to gain an ap preciation of the common features in the response of the various carbon to ion impact, and to become aware of current research oppor allotropes tunities and unresolved questions waiting to be addressed. Realizing this, and having ourselves both contributed to the field, we decided to write a review paper summarizing the experimental and theoretical status of ion implantation into diamond, graphite and related materials.

This handbook is the most comprehensive compilation of data on the optical properties of diamond ever written. It presents a multitude of data previously for the first time in English. The author provides quick access to the most comprehensive information on all aspects of the field.

Covering current advances in the science and technology of polymeric and organic materials, each chapter is a self-contained review of progress, and particular emphasis has been placed on obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art in each area. This is the first book to provide a background perspective on this field of research, and is suitable for both professional researchers and postgraduate students.

This book presents a new and promising technique to grow single crystalline compound semiconductor materials with defined stoichometry. The technique is based on the high-precision experimental determination of the boundaries of the single-phase volume of the solid in the pressure-temperature-composition P-T-X phase space. Alongside test results obtained by the author and his colleagues, the P-T-X diagrams of other important materials (e.g., III-V, V-VI semiconductors) are also discussed.

This timely monograph addresses an important class of semiconductors and devices that constitute the underlying technology for blue lasers. It succinctly treats structural, electrical and optical properties of nitrides and the substrates on which they are deposited, band structures of nitrides, optical processes, deposition and fabrication technologies, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. It also includes many tables and figures detailing the properties and performance of nitride semiconductors and devices.

The information revolution of the twentieth century was brought about by microelectronics based on a simple and common material, silicon. Although silicon will continue to be of central importance in the next century, carbon, silicon's upstairs neighbor in the periodic table, will also be of great impor tance in future technology. Carbon has more flexible bonding and hence has various unique physical, chemical and biological properties. It has two types of bonding, sp3 and sp2, in diamond and graphite, respectively. The existence of the latter, "7r-electron bonding" , is responsible for carbon's versatile tal ents. Those materials having extended 7r-electron clouds are called '7r-electron materials'. They include graphite, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and various carbonaceous materials. They may be called "supercarbon" because of their fabulous multiformity and versatile properties. This volume is a status report on the synthesis, properties and appli cations of 7r-electron materials, representing an updated proceedings of the International Workshop on 7r-Electron Materials held at the Northwestern University,'Evanston, Illinois, USA, August 13-14,1996. The Workshop was organized jointly by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) and the Materials Research Center at the Northwestern University (NWU) in order to provide an opportunity for scientists and engineers to meet and dis cuss the latest advances in this field and in commemoration of the Yoshimura 7r-Electron Materials Project, one of Japan's national projects in the JST's ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) program.

I think it is expedient here to clearly specify the readership for whom this book is intended. Some readers might infer from the title that this is a data book convenient for occasional reference purposes. Most of the data on the bulk properties and a comprehensive list of publications are indeed compiled here, will be found useful as they are. The primary purpose of the book is, however, and rather to provide a coherent and consistent description of the basic bulk properties of the metal-hydrogen system, ranging from macroscopic properties such as solubilities and phase diagrams to microscopic properties such as atomistic states and diffusion. The emphasis has been placed on the physics of how these properties actually come about. This structure of the book is considered to be useful, and even necessary, not only for physicists but also for researchers interested in the materials-science aspects of the system. Who could have anticipated that the solubility of hydrogen in iron reaches a level as high as [H]/[Fe] ~ 1 under a hydrogen pressure of 10 GPa; who could have anticip ated that the diffusivity of hydrogen in metals increases at low temperatures; who could unravel the mechanism of "cold" fusion (if this indeed exists), without a basic understanding of the metal-hydrogen system? Obviously, these prob lems are not only of academic interest but also have profound technical implications.

This textbook is for graduate students and young scientists, who are looking for an introduction to the physics and physical chemistry of crystal growth and nucleation phenomena.

This in-depth experimental and theoretical account explores polymers and composites whose unusual properties (such as photophysical phenomena, electrical transport, phase transitions, and magnetic properties) stem from the incorporation of C60 in the material. Introductory chapters on the fundamental properties of fullerenes (C60, C70) and photophysical phenomena in fullerenes and polymers are also included.

In this text experts review experimental studies that directly reveal the relationship between the atomic structure and physical behavior of high-Tc superconductors. The thorough discussion centers on twins, twin boundaries, the vortex lattice, and magnetic and mechanical properties in connection with structural imperfections. Particular attention is paid to the role of the oxygen atom in the Y-Ba-Cu-O and La-Cu-O species. The experimental methods evaluated include electron and X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and M|ssbauer spectroscopy. This book makes extraordinarily valuable data obtained at the Institute of Solid State Physics at Chernogolovka accessible to the wider international community of researchers in superconductivity.