Introductory Review on Sirtuins in Biology and Disease provides key insights for scientists and advanced students who need to understand sirtuins and the current research in this field. This book is ideal for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses. Sirtuins are a diverse family of proteins, with several members in mammals. The functional diversity of sirtuins is rather broad, and they have been implicated in various central biological processes. Thus, they are also highly relevant in the context of various human diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. - Covers both the general and specific aspects of sirtuin proteins and their role in biology, aging and disease - Presents a top quality collection of leading experts who contribute on a wide range of sirtuin-related topics - Ideal resource for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses

Sirtuins comprise a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that have been shown to impact longevity in a number of eukaryotic organisms. Sir2 (Silent Information Regulator 2) was the first sirtuin protein discovered. The discovery that Sir2 requires NAD+ for its activity suggested a link between Sir2 activity and the phenomenon of caloric restriction in prolonging longevity. This link was strengthened by the observation that lifespan extension by caloric restriction requires Sir2 protein. Under conditions of caloric restriction, NAD+ levels are high, Sir2 is activated, and the rate of aging is decreased. These effects have been replicated in invertebrate organisms, where a close structural and functional homologue of Sir2 was found in C. elegans and Drosophila. The sirtuin-dependent effects on metabolism and ageing, observed in lower organisms, have ignited intensive investigation of their biological and therapeutic roles in mammals. There are seven known mammalian sirtuins, SIRTs 1-7, the most studied of which is SIRT1, a close structural and functional homologue of yeast Sir2. Enhancement of organismal longevity and other health-promoting effects of mammalian SIRT1 have frequently been attributed to the regulation of metabolism. A recognized molecular link between metabolism and aging stimulated a firestorm of investigations, aiming to combat metabolic and age-dependent human diseases. It has become clear, however, that the sirtuin family of proteins regulates a diverse repertoire of cellular functions in mammals. Mounting evidence implicating SIRT1 in important clinical indications, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease, suggest that modality as attractive therapeutic target. Subsequently, drug discovery and development, targeting sirtuin activation, has been intensified in the recent years. Despite rapid progress and accumulation of new data, the biological roles of other mammalian sirtuins have been less studied and remain poorly understood. There are several important questions that remain to be addressed. What are the functions of sirtuins in different cell types and tissues? Are all sirtuins involved in the regulation of metabolism and aging? What is the functional relationship between different sirtuins? What are the mechanisms of regulation of sirtuin activities? What is the role of sirtuins in disease and therapy? This issue aims to address these and other critical questions, relevant to Research Topic on sirtuin biology and therapeutics. To that end the issue solicits expert opinions of sirtuin research on structural biology, biochemistry, cell biology, animal genetics, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, and on areas of investigation studying human conditions, like diabetes, cancer, cardio-vascular, and neutodegeneration. Of particular interest are the new methods and assays to study sirtuins in various organisms and developing sirtuin-based therapeutics. Furthermore, we propose to encourage contributors to discuss new concepts and paradigms, and to express their perspectives on the future development of the sirtuin research field. Altogether, we believe this issue provides a unique opportunity for comprehensive and diverse coverage of the topic, and will be of broad interest for the journal’s readership.

Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.

A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “Brilliant and enthralling.”​ —The Wall Street Journal A paradigm-shifting book from an acclaimed Harvard Medical School scientist and one of Time’s most influential people. It’s a seemingly undeniable truth that aging is inevitable. But what if everything we’ve been taught to believe about aging is wrong? What if we could choose our lifespan? In this groundbreaking book, Dr. David Sinclair, leading world authority on genetics and longevity, reveals a bold new theory for why we age. As he writes: “Aging is a disease, and that disease is treatable.” This eye-opening and provocative work takes us to the frontlines of research that is pushing the boundaries on our perceived scientific limitations, revealing incredible breakthroughs—many from Dr. David Sinclair’s own lab at Harvard—that demonstrate how we can slow down, or even reverse, aging. The key is activating newly discovered vitality genes, the descendants of an ancient genetic survival circuit that is both the cause of aging and the key to reversing it. Recent experiments in genetic reprogramming suggest that in the near future we may not just be able to feel younger, but actually become younger. Through a page-turning narrative, Dr. Sinclair invites you into the process of scientific discovery and reveals the emerging technologies and simple lifestyle changes—such as intermittent fasting, cold exposure, exercising with the right intensity, and eating less meat—that have been shown to help us live younger and healthier for longer. At once a roadmap for taking charge of our own health destiny and a bold new vision for the future of humankind, Lifespan will forever change the way we think about why we age and what we can do about it.

Ageless Questis a personal, sometimes controversial, account of the pursuit of a genetic †̃cure' for aging by an expert in the field. The author is the Novartis Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Aging has always been regarded as a highly complex process with many degenerative changes leading to the cessation of life. But recent research has identified a relatively simple mechanism that governs the pace of aging. Lenny Guarente's Ageless Questis a scientific detective story for the baby boom generation. It offers an insider's view of an area of potentially astonishing high reward—and equally high risk.

Epigenetics and Dermatology explores the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-related skin diseases and skin cancer. Leading contributors cover common and uncommon skin conditions in which extensive epigenetic research has been done. They explain how environmental exposures (chemicals, drugs, sunlight, diet, stress, smoking, infection, etc.) in all stages of life (from a fetus in-utero to an elderly person) may result in epigenetic changes that lead to development of some skin diseases in life. They also discuss the possibilities of new and emergent epigenetic treatments which are gradually being adopted in management of various skin diseases. Chapters follow a conventional structure, covering fundamental biology of the disease condition, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, commonly available treatments, and epigenetic therapy where applicable. Discusses the basic biology of skin diseases and skin cancers induced or aggravated by aberrant epigenetic changes Evaluates how to approach autoimmune-related skin diseases from a therapeutic perspective using the wealth of emergent epigenetic clinical trials Offers a coherent and structured table of contents with basic epigenetic biology followed by discussion of the spectrum of rheumatologic through neoplastic skin diseases, finally ending with a discourse on epigenetic therapy

Sirtuin Biology in Medicine: Targeting New Avenues of Care in Development, Aging, and Disease provides a fascinating and in-depth analysis of sirtuins in the body during normal physiology as well during disease highlighting the targeting of sirtuin-controlled pathways for the development of innovative, efficacious, and safe therapeutic strategies for multiple disorders in the body that ultimately can affect lifespan extension. Sirtuins are expressed throughout the body, have broad biological effects, and can significantly impact both cellular survival and longevity during acute and long-term illnesses. These histone deacetylases play an intricate role in the pathology, progression, and treatment of several disease entities ranging from neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, immune system dysfunction, reproductive dysfunction, endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disease, drug dependency, and aging-related disorders. Implementing a translational medicine format, this unique reference highlights novel signaling pathways for sirtuins that promote stem cell proliferation, enhance cellular protection, modulate pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, and extend life span. Each chapter is presented with insightful detail that will be of interest and a comprehensive resource to audiences that include scientists, physicians, pharmaceutical industry experts, nutritionists, and students. - Chapters are authored by internationally recognized experts who discuss the broad role of sirtuins in health and disease - Details the basic and clinical role of sirtuins for the development of new clinical treatments - Summarizes the multidiscipline views and publications for the compelling discipline of sirtuins by covering systems throughout the body - Serves as an important resource for a broad audience of healthcare providers, scientists, drug developers, and students in both clinical and research settings

With the world's population getting increasingly older, there has never been a more pressing need for the study of old age and ageing. An Introduction to Gerontology provides a wide-ranging introduction to this important topic. By assuming no prior expert knowledge and avoiding jargon, this book will guide students through all the main subjects in gerontology, covering both traditional areas, such as biological and social ageing, and more contemporary areas, such as technology, the arts and sexuality. An Introduction to Gerontology is written by a team of international authors with multidisciplinary backgrounds who draw evidence from a variety of different perspectives and traditions.

Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease gathers information on various food types providing an explanation of their nutrient composition, sources, roles, and mechanisms in health and diseases. To obtain good health practices and prevent diseases, it is necessary to understand links in the relationship of food, lifestyle, environment, and health. This book is a vital source for research topics related to these issues, including the following: Analysis of various types of food and lifestyles for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders, including cardiovascular disorders, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The influences of environmental pollution, synergistic effects of different foods, and synergy of foods with physical activity or medicine. The roles of animal, fungal, and plant source foods in human health and disease. This book is appropriate for health-conscious users, health care providers and practitioners, teachers, and researchers.

This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.