Much of the world's economic activity takes place in between cities and nations - the geographical containers that we have taken for granted for hundreds of years now. In this book Nicholas Phelps provides a guide to this uncharted territory within urban and economic geography. He highlights the importance of intermediary actors and processes in shaping this economy in between. From the airports, shopping malls, and office parks that have sprung up on the road between cities, to work done on the move in cars and trains, to the decisions made by internationally mobile networks of experts in conferences and negotiations. The geography of the economy in between is revealed as one involving four recurring and coexisting economic geographical formations - the agglomeration, the enclave, the networks, and the arena. Phelps sets out a multidisciplinary perspective and agenda on the question of the how, why, and where much contemporary economic activity takes place.

This volume contains the proceedings of FORTE 2008, 28th IFIP WG6.1 - ternational Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems. FORTE 2008 was held at the Campus Innovation Center in Tokyo, Japan during June 10–13, 2008. FORTE denotes a series of international wo- ing conferences on formal description techniques applied to computer networks and distributed systems. The conference series started in 1981 under the name PSTV. In 1988 a second series under the name FORTE was set up. Both - ries were united to FORTE/PSTV in 1996. In 2001 the conference changed the name to its current form. Recent conferences of this long series were held in Berlin (2003), Madrid(2004), Taipei(2005), Paris(2006), and Tallinn(2007). As in the previous year, FORTE 2008 was collocated with TESTCOM/ FATES 2008: the 20th IFIP International Conference on Testing of Com- nicating Systems (TESTCOM) and the 8th International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software (FATES). The co-location of FORTE and TESTCOM/FATES fostered the collaboration between their communities. The commonspiritofboth conferenceswasunderpinnedby jointopening andclosing sessions, invited talks, as well as joint social events.