Many of the familiar integrable systems of equations are symmetry reductions of self-duality equations on a metric or on a Yang-Mills connection. For example, the Korteweg-de Vries and non-linear Schrodinger equations are reductions of the self-dual Yang-Mills equation. This book explores in detail the connections between self-duality and integrability, and also the application of twistor techniques to integrable systems. It supports two central theories: that the symmetries of self-duality equations provide a natural classification scheme for integrable systems; and that twistor theory provides a uniform geometric framework for the study of Backlund transformations, the inverse scattering method, and other such general constructions of integrability theory. The book will be useful to researchers and graduate students in mathematical physics.

A text aimed at third year undergraduates and graduates in mathematics and physics, presenting elementary twistor theory as a universal technique for solving differential equations in applied mathematics and theoretical physics.

Articles from leading researchers to introduce the reader to cutting-edge topics in integrable systems theory.

About four years ago a prominent string theorist was quoted as saying that it might be possible to understand quantum mechanics by the year 2000. Sometimes new mathematical developments make such understanding appear possible and even close, but on the other hand, increasing lack of experimental verification make it seem to be further distant. In any event one seems to arrive at new revolutions in physics and mathematics every year. This book hopes to convey some of the excitment of this period, but will adopt a relatively pedestrian approach designed to illuminate the relations between quantum and classical. There will be some discussion of philosophical matters such as measurement, uncertainty, decoherence, etc. but philosophy will not be emphasized; generally we want to enjoy the fruits of computation based on the operator formulation of QM and quantum field theory. In Chapter 1 connections of QM to deterministic behavior are exhibited in the trajectory representations of Faraggi-Matone. Chapter 1 also includes a review of KP theory and some preliminary remarks on coherent states, density matrices, etc. and more on deterministic theory. We develop in Chapter 4 relations between quantization and integrability based on Moyal brackets, discretizations, KP, strings and Hirota formulas, and in Chapter 2 we study the QM of embedded curves and surfaces illustrating some QM effects of geometry. Chapter 3 is on quantum integrable systems, quantum groups, and modern deformation quantization. Chapter 5 involves the Whitham equations in various roles mediating between QM and classical behavior. In particular, connections to Seiberg-Witten theory (arising in N = 2 supersymmetric (susy) Yang-Mills (YM) theory) are discussed and we would still like to understand more deeply what is going on. Thus in Chapter 5 we will try to give some conceptual background for susy, gauge theories, renormalization, etc. from both a physical and mathematical point of view. In Chapter 6 we continue the deformation quantization then by exhibiting material based on and related to noncommutative geometry and gauge theory.

Although twistor theory originated as an approach to the unification of quantum theory and general relativity, twistor correspondences and their generalizations have provided powerful mathematical tools for studying problems in differential geometry, nonlinear equations, and representation theory. At the same time, the theory continues to offer promising new insights into the nature of quantum theory and gravitation. Further Advances in Twistor Theory, Volume III: Curved Twistor Spaces is actually the fourth in a series of books compiling articles from Twistor Newsletter-a somewhat informal journal published periodically by the Oxford research group of Roger Penrose. Motivated both by questions in differential geometry and by the quest to find a twistor correspondence for general Ricci-flat space times, this volume explores deformed twistor spaces and their applications. Articles from the world's leading researchers in this field-including Roger Penrose-have been written in an informal, easy-to-read style and arranged in four chapters, each supplemented by a detailed introduction. Collectively, they trace the development of the twistor programme over the last 20 years and provide an overview of its recent advances and current status.

Presents the proceedings of the recently held conference at the University of Plymouth. Papers describe recent work by leading researchers in twistor theory and cover a wide range of subjects, including conformal invariants, integral transforms, Einstein equations, anti-self-dual Riemannian 4-manifolds, deformation theory, 4-dimensional conformal structures, and more.;The book is intended for complex geometers and analysts, theoretical physicists, and graduate students in complex analysis, complex differential geometry, and mathematical physics.

Designed to give graduate students an understanding of integrable systems via the study of Riemann surfaces, loop groups, and twistors, this book has its origins in a lecture series given by the internationally renowned authors. Written in an accessible, informal style, it fills a gap in the existing literature.

The articles in this volume are based on lectures from a program on integrable systems and differential geometry held at Taiwan's National Center for Theoretical Sciences. As is well-known, for many soliton equations, the solutions have interpretations as differential geometric objects, and thereby techniques of soliton equations have been successfully applied to the study of geometric problems. The article by Burstall gives a beautiful exposition on isothermic surfaces and theirrelations to integrable systems, and the two articles by Guest give an introduction to quantum cohomology, carry out explicit computations of the quantum cohomology of flag manifolds and Hirzebruch surfaces, and give a survey of Givental's quantum differential equations. The article by Heintze, Liu,and Olmos is on the theory of isoparametric submanifolds in an arbitrary Riemannian manifold, which is related to the n-wave equation when the ambient manifold is Euclidean. Mukai-Hidano and Ohnita present a survey on the moduli space of Yang-Mills-Higgs equations on Riemann surfaces. The article by Terng and Uhlenbeck explains the gauge equivalence of the matrix non-linear Schrödinger equation, the Schrödinger flow on Grassmanian, and the Heisenberg Feromagnetic model. The bookprovides an introduction to integrable systems and their relation to differential geometry. It is suitable for advanced graduate students and research mathematicians. Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are copublished with International Press, Cambridge, MA.

This book provides an introduction to and survey of recent developments in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, including applications in mathematical physics, by leading experts in the field. Topics covered are: Classification of pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces Holonomy groups of Lorentzian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds Hypersymplectic manifolds Anti-self-dual conformal structures in neutral signature and integrable systems Neutral Kahler surfaces and geometric optics Geometry and dynamics of the Einstein universe Essential conformal structures and conformal transformations in pseudo-Riemannian geometry The causal hierarchy of spacetimes Geodesics in pseudo-Riemannian manifolds Lorentzian symmetric spaces in supergravity Generalized geometries in supergravity Einstein metrics with Killing leaves The book is addressed to advanced students as well as to researchers in differential geometry, global analysis, general relativity and string theory. It shows essential differences between the geometry on manifolds with positive definite metrics and on those with indefinite metrics, and highlights the interesting new geometric phenomena, which naturally arise in the indefinite metric case. The reader finds a description of the present state of the art in the field as well as open problems, which can stimulate further research.

This book explores the rich and deep interplay between mathematics and physics one century after David Hilbert’s works from 1891 to 1933, published by Springer in six volumes. The most prominent scientists in various domains of these disciplines contribute to this volume providing insight to their works, and analyzing the impact of the breakthrough and the perspectives of their own contributions. The result is a broad journey through the most recent developments in mathematical physics, such as string theory, quantum gravity, noncommutative geometry, twistor theory, Gauge and Quantum fields theories, just to mention a few. The reader, accompanied on this journey by some of the fathers of these theories, explores some far reaching interfaces where mathematics and theoretical physics interact profoundly and gets a broad and deep understanding of subjects which are at the core of recent developments in mathematical physics. The journey is not confined to the present state of the art, but sheds light on future developments of the field, highlighting a list of open problems. Graduate students and researchers working in physics, mathematics and mathematical physics will find this journey extremely fascinating. All those who want to benefit from a comprehensive description of all the latest advances in mathematics and mathematical physics, will find this book very useful too.