Rapid population growth and urbanization is creating a strong demand for milk in sub - Saharan Africa (SSA) and the majority of countries have the potential to meet the growing demand by developing their domestic resources. This study provides an overview of dairying in SSA and discusses the principal constraints to development as well as the experience gained from some earlier initiatives. It analyzes the main biological, technical, economic and institutional issues and summarizes the opportunities and options for future dairy development. Appropriate strategies and policies are suggested and estimates are made of the investment requirements to meet future demand for dairy products. Some implications for donor agencies are also considered.

This study examined the factors influencing adoption of three related dairy technologies in coastal Kenya, and assessed the impacts of dairy adoption on household income, employment generation and nutrition status of pre-school children. The technologies studied were adoption of grade and crossbred dairy animals, planting of the fodder Napier grass and use of the infection and treatment method of immunisation against East Coast fever. A series of household surveys was conducted from mid-1997 to mid-1998. The descriptive results from surveys of 202 households in Coast Province indicate that adoption of a grade or crossbred dairy animal may result in substantial increases in household income, can generate paid (secondary) employment, and may improve the nutritional status of pre-school-age children in the Household. Econometric analyses, which controlled for numerous confounding factos, provided less consistent support for the impact of adoption on household income and paid employment. It appears that neither the adoption nor productivity of dairying are constrained by poor availability of technology options. For dairy development activities on the coast, two areas merit atention: mechanisms for easing access to grade and crossbred dairy cattle, either through credit schemes or through self-help smallholder co-operatives, and reducing the disease risks associated with grade and corssbred dairy animals.