Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods

Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods
Author :
Publisher :
Total Pages : 130
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9291562068
ISBN-13 : 9789291562060
Rating : 4/5 (68 Downloads)

Synopsis Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods by : Piotr Stryszowski

This study offers unique up-to-date analysis of the impact on global trade of counterfeit and pirated products, known as "fakes" by the general public. Using statistical analysis and drawing on a global dataset covering almost half million customs data on seizures, the study estimates the huge share of international trade commandeered by counterfeit and pirated goods. In 2013, international trade in such products represented up to 2.5% of world trade, or as much as USD 461 billion. This is the equivalent of the GDP of Austria, or the combined GDP of Ireland and the Czech Republic. Above all, it highlights that right holders, governments and the formal economy as a whole suffer from significant economic and social losses. It also gives an idea about the potential financial revenues collected by criminal networks that are behind such trade.^More specifically, counterfeit and pirated products amounted to up to 5 % of imports in 2013 in the European Union, or as much as EUR 85 billion (USD 116 billion). This suggests that the relative impact of counterfeiting is twice as high for a group of developed countries, such as the EU, than it is for the world as a whole. The scope of the phenomenon appears to be greater than a decade ago. Back in 2008, a previous OECD study estimated that counterfeit and pirated goods accounted for up to 1.9 % of world imports, or up to USD 200 billion, relying on the best data and more limited methods available at that time. In the context of today's revival of international trade in the global economy, there is no shortage of opportunities for counterfeiters and criminals. Counterfeit and pirated trade is a major threat to any modern, knowledge-based economy. Counterfeiting and piracy matter in an innovation driven global economy.^Intellectual property (IP) is a key value generator for firms, helping them succeed in competitive markets. At the macroeconomic level, IP protection and enforcement is one of the main drivers of innovation, which contributes to long term economic growth. Given the fundamental economic importance of IP, counterfeiting and piracy must be directly targeted as a threat to sustainable IP-based business models.

Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones

Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones
Author :
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Total Pages : 80
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9264289542
ISBN-13 : 9789264289543
Rating : 4/5 (42 Downloads)

Synopsis Trade in Counterfeit Goods and Free Trade Zones by : Oecd

This study examines the potential for the misuse of Free Trade Zones for trade in counterfeit and pirated goods.

Illicit Trade Governance Frameworks to Counter Illicit Trade

Illicit Trade Governance Frameworks to Counter Illicit Trade
Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Total Pages : 245
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789264291652
ISBN-13 : 9264291652
Rating : 4/5 (52 Downloads)

Synopsis Illicit Trade Governance Frameworks to Counter Illicit Trade by : OECD

This report examines governance frameworks to counter illicit trade. It looks at the adequacy and effectiveness of sanctions and penalties applicable, the steps parties engaged in illicit trade take to lower the risk of detection - for example through small shipments - and the use of free trade ...

Illicit Trade Trends in Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods

Illicit Trade Trends in Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods
Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Total Pages : 88
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789264312500
ISBN-13 : 9264312501
Rating : 4/5 (00 Downloads)

Synopsis Illicit Trade Trends in Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods by : OECD

This study examines the value, scope and trends of trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. First, it presents the overall scale of this trade and discusses which parts of the economy are particularly at risk. Next, it looks at the main economies of origin of fakes in global trade. Finally, it ...

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market
Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
Total Pages : 316
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9780309317153
ISBN-13 : 0309317150
Rating : 4/5 (53 Downloads)

Synopsis Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market by : National Research Council

Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

Illicit Trade and the Global Economy

Illicit Trade and the Global Economy
Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
Total Pages : 277
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9780262016551
ISBN-13 : 0262016559
Rating : 4/5 (51 Downloads)

Synopsis Illicit Trade and the Global Economy by : Cláudia Costa Storti

Economists explore the relationship between expanding international trade and the parallel growth in illicit trade, including illegal drugs, smuggling, and organized crime. As international trade has expanded dramatically in the postwar period--an expansion accelerated by the opening of China, Russia, India, and Eastern Europe--illicit international trade has grown in tandem with it. This volume uses the economist's toolkit to examine the economic, political, and social problems resulting from such illicit activities as illegal drug trade, smuggling, and organized crime. The contributors consider several aspects of the illegal drug market, including the sometimes puzzling relationships among purity, price, and risk; the effect of globalization on the heroin and cocaine markets, examined both through mathematical models and with empirical data from the U.K; the spread of khat, a psychoactive drug imported legally to the U.K. as a vegetable; and the economic effect of the "war on drugs" on producer and consumer countries. Other chapters examine the hidden financial flows of organized crime, patterns of smuggling in international trade, Iran's illicit trading activity, and the impact of mafia-like crime on foreign direct investment in Italy.

Illicit Trade

Illicit Trade
Author :
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Total Pages : 0
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9264426981
ISBN-13 : 9789264426986
Rating : 4/5 (81 Downloads)

Synopsis Illicit Trade by : OECD

This report, one in a series of studies by the OECD and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), enhances understanding of the issues and challenges facing governments, businesses and society posed by the trade in fake pharmaceutical products. Illicit markets for fake pharmaceuticals are attractive for counterfeiters, given the high profit margins, low risks of detection and prosecution, weak penalties, and the ease with which consumers can be deceived into believing that the counterfeit products are genuine. Counterfeit medicines not only cause economic damage for the sector, but are also a significant threat to public health, since fake medicines are often not properly formulated and may contain dangerous ingredients. Fake pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, lifestyle treatments, pain killers, anti-malarial drugs, diabetes treatments and central nervous system medicines.

Illicit Trade Trade in Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Products

Illicit Trade Trade in Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Products
Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Total Pages : 94
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789264606975
ISBN-13 : 9264606971
Rating : 4/5 (75 Downloads)

Synopsis Illicit Trade Trade in Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Products by : OECD

This report, one in a series of studies by the OECD and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), enhances understanding of the issues and challenges facing governments, businesses and society posed by the trade in fake pharmaceutical products.