In this volume a wide range of topics in particle physics, string theory and cosmology and their interconnections is covered.

These proceedings consist of plenary rapporteur talks covering topics of major interest to the high energy physics community and parallel sessions papers which describe recent research results and future plans.

Accounting is the discipline with the oldest historical culture, being the first to be recognized by humanity when Adam and Eve were made to account for what they did in paradise. It is also the only discipline that will come into play in the Hereafter, where everybody would be raised up as an accountant - to account for all they have done during their life time on earth! Accounting is a service-providing discipline, with a rich theoretical background, which makes available information (especially financial) to guide various decision-making processes. Business owners, creditors, managers, prospective investors, government and its agencies, employees and even the general public seek accounting information to guide them when taking various informed decisions about reporting entities and the environment within which they operate. This book addresses the historical accounting culture, its theories as well as its practices. It is made up of fifteen chapters, covering various historical, theoretical and practical aspects of Accounting, ranging from accounting standardization to financial reporting. The book is an attempt to address some of the lacunae in advanced accounting issues, both in theory and in practice. Students of advanced accounting theory and practice at the professional and academic levels in Universities, Polytechnics and Professional Institutes would find the book an essential companion.

useful for UPSC, IAS, PCS, Civil Services Exams.

Now in its second edition, this publication gives readers a broad and basic understanding of the key issues for each International Accounting Standard. It summarizes each standard, providing a quick reference for managers and executives in the private and public sectors who may not have a strong background in accounting. Each chapter also contains a case study that illustrates the practical application of key concepts in a particular standard. This gives the non-technical reader the tools to participate in discussions on the appropriateness or application of a standard in a given situation. The reader can also evaluate the effect that applying a given standard will have on the financial results and position of a division or an entire enterprise.

Accounting irregularities are at the heart of those kinds of frauds that hit financial statements and include misstatement, misclassification as well as misrepresentation. In essence, they involve manipulation of accounting data, description or disclosure in order to distort the true financial picture of the organization in question. This book provides an in-depth practical reference, designed for litigators, investigators, auditors, accountants and other professionals who need to understand and combat accounting irregularities and to uphold the integrity of financial statements. Regulators will find this book an essential source of ideas and references when considering reforms. Educators and students will see this book as an alternative, inspiring way of understanding accounting and how to stay alert for accounting irregularities. The first two chapters introduce the basics of accounting irregularities in the context of the financial reporting environments, and generally accepted accounting principles in the UK and Hong Kong. Perpetrators often seek ways to creating financial illusions in four common directions - selling more, costing less, owning more and owing less as discussed in Chapters 3 to 6. The seventh chapter considers various ways that perpetrators manipulate the classification and disclosure of financial statements. Chapter 8 explores three scenarios of accounting irregularities - tax evasion, theft and commercial dispute. The concluding chapter sets out the deterrents to accounting irregularities in two dimensions. At the micro-level, deterrents are implemented within the authority of the organization in question, whilst the macro-level deterrents refer to the external environment beyond the controls of any individual organization.