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Thin film photovoltaic-based solar modules produce power at a low cost per watt. They are ideal candidates for large-scale solar farms as well as building-integrated photovoltaic applications. They can generate consistent power, not only at elevated temperatures but also on cloudy, overcast days and at low sun angles.Thin film photovoltaics are second-generation solar cells produced by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin films, of photosensitive material on a suitable substrate such as glass, polymer, or metal. Thin film solar cells are based on various materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin film silicon (a-Si, TF-Si) are commercially used in several conventional and advanced technologies.

A recent initiative within the civil engineering field is the use of nanotechnology and materials within the construction industry. While there has been great success in the adoption of various nanomaterials, there is still room for development and improvement. Advanced Research on Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering Applications highlights emergent research and theoretical concepts in the implementation of nanotechnology within the construction, geotechnical, and transportation engineering fields. Examining the application of nanomaterials, current trends within the topic area, and the potential health impacts of material usage on the environment, this book is a pivotal reference for professionals, engineers, students, and researchers.

This book presents a comparison of solar cell materials, including both new materials based on organics, nanostructures and novel inorganics and developments in more traditional photovoltaic materials. It surveys the materials and materials trends in the field including third generation solar cells (multiple energy level cells, thermal approaches and the modification of the solar spectrum) with an eye firmly on low costs, energy efficiency and the use of abundant non-toxic materials.

This book focuses on both recent advances and the applications of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials in different fields. This book encapsulates all the aspects related to 2D nanomaterials and their applications. It provides scientific and technological insights on novel routes of design and fabrication of few layered nanostructures and their hetero structures based on a variety of 2-D layered materials. It also covers a wide range of industrial applications of 2D nanomaterials. It emphasizes on the detailing of the various characterization techniques used. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in nano-materials and allied fields.