Examines the causes for mass incarceration of Americans and calls for the reform of the bail system. Traces the history of bail, how it has come to be an oppressive tool of the courts, and makes recommendations for reforming the bail system and alleviating the mass incarceration problem.

Key recommendations -- Methodology -- I. Background -- II. Pretrial detention in California -- II. Bail leads to jailing people who are not guilty -- III. Bail and jail result in an unfair justice system -- IV. Bail devastates poor and middle-income defendants and households -- V. Does bail in California serve the legitimate purposes of pretrial detention? -- VI. Profile-based risk assessment -- VII. A better way: increased cite and release and individualized risk assessment -- IX. International human rights law.

"[The report] finds that supervision -– probation and parole -– drives high numbers of people, disproportionately those who are Black and brown, right back to jail or prison, while in large part failing to help them get needed services and resources. In states examined in the report, people are often incarcerated for violating the rules of their supervision or for low-level crimes, and receive disproportionate punishment following proceedings that fail to adequately protect their fair trial rights."--Publisher website.

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

It is over 10 years since Professor George Hampel, former Supreme Court Judge and Daniel Gurvich, criminal law barrister published the first edition of Bail Law in Victoria. Since that time the Bail Act 1977 has been amended numerous times, it has been reviewed by the Victorian Law Reform Commission and has been interpreted in light of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006. In this 2nd edition of the book Professor George Hampel, Daniel Gurvich and Sarah Bruhn, who prior to becoming a barrister at the Victorian Bar worked at the Supreme Court of Victoria assisting with management of bail applications, provide a timely update of the law on bail in Victoria. A comprehensive review of the case law is provided. The authors identify the potential issues that lawyers need to be aware of when applying for (or opposing) bail. The original format of the book has been maintained where possible and additional chapters on the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 and the history of bail in Victoria are included. As with the original edition of Bail Law in Victoria the authors seek to provide a comprehensive yet easy to read text to assist lawyers in providing the best advice and advocacy.

Confusion about the differences between the Council of Europe (the parent body of the European Court of Human Rights) and the European Union is commonplace amongst the general public. It even affects some lawyers, jurists, social scientists and students. This book will enable the reader to distinguish clearly between those human rights norms which originate in the Council of Europe and those which derive from the EU, vital for anyone interested in human rights in Europe and in the UK as it prepares to leave the EU. The main achievements of relevant institutions include securing minimum standards across the continent as they deal with increasing expansion, complexity, multidimensionality, and interpenetration of their human rights activities. The authors also identify the central challenges, particularly for the UK in the post-Brexit era, where the components of each system need to be carefully distinguished and disentangled.