​This handbook provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on the topic of scientific, industrial and legal metrology. It discusses the state-of-art review of various metrological aspects pertaining to redefinition of SI Units and their implications, applications of time and frequency metrology, certified reference materials, industrial metrology, industry 4.0, metrology in additive manufacturing, digital transformations in metrology, soft metrology and cyber security, optics in metrology, nano-metrology, metrology for advanced communication, environmental metrology, metrology in biomedical engineering, legal metrology and global trade, ionizing radiation metrology, advanced techniques in evaluation of measurement uncertainty, etc. The book has contributed chapters from world’s leading metrologists and experts on the diversified metrological theme. The internationally recognized team of editors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. Moreover, the content of this volume is highly interdisciplinary in nature, with insights from not only metrology but also mechanical/material science, optics, physics, chemistry, biomedical and more. This handbook is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of metrology and related fields.

The field of optical metrology offers a wealth of both practical and theoretical accomplishments, and can cite any number of academic papers recording such. However, while several books covering specific areas of optical metrology do exist, until the pages herein were researched, written, and compiled, the field lacked for a comprehensive handbook, one providing an overview of optical metrology that covers practical applications as well as fundamentals. Carefully designed to make information accessible to beginners without sacrificing academic rigor, the Handbook of Optical Metrology: Principles and Applications discusses fundamental principles and techniques before exploring practical applications. With contributions from veterans in the field, as well as from up-and-coming researchers, the Handbook offers 30 substantial and well-referenced chapters. In addition to the introductory matter, forward-thinking descriptions are included in every chapter that make this a valuable reference for all those involved with optical metrology.

Handbook of Optical Metrology: Principles and Applications begins by discussing key principles and techniques before exploring practical applications of optical metrology. Designed to provide beginners with an introduction to optical metrology without sacrificing academic rigor, this comprehensive text: Covers fundamentals of light sources, lenses, prisms, and mirrors, as well as optoelectronic sensors, optical devices, and optomechanical elements Addresses interferometry, holography, and speckle methods and applications Explains Moiré metrology and the optical heterodyne measurement method Delves into the specifics of diffraction, scattering, polarization, and near-field optics Considers applications for measuring length and size, displacement, straightness and parallelism, flatness, and three-dimensional shapes This new Second Edition is fully revised to reflect the latest developments. It also includes four new chapters—nearly 100 pages—on optical coherence tomography for industrial applications, interference microscopy for surface structure analysis, noncontact dimensional and profile metrology by video measurement, and optical metrology in manufacturing technology.

Due to their speed, data density, and versatility, optical metrology tools play important roles in today's high-speed industrial manufacturing applications. Handbook of Optical Dimensional Metrology provides useful background information and practical examples to help readers understand and effectively use state-of-the-art optical metrology methods

Handbook of Optical Metrology: Principles and Applications begins by discussing key principles and techniques before exploring practical applications of optical metrology. Designed to provide beginners with an introduction to optical metrology without sacrificing academic rigor, this comprehensive text: Covers fundamentals of light sources, lenses, prisms, and mirrors, as well as optoelectronic sensors, optical devices, and optomechanical elements Addresses interferometry, holography, and speckle methods and applications Explains Moiré metrology and the optical heterodyne measurement method Delves into the specifics of diffraction, scattering, polarization, and near-field optics Considers applications for measuring length and size, displacement, straightness and parallelism, flatness, and three-dimensional shapes This new Second Edition is fully revised to reflect the latest developments. It also includes four new chapters—nearly 100 pages—on optical coherence tomography for industrial applications, interference microscopy for surface structure analysis, noncontact dimensional and profile metrology by video measurement, and optical metrology in manufacturing technology.

Metrology is the study of measurement. It includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement and may be divided into three subfields: Scientific or fundamental metrology concerns the establishment of measurement units, unit systems, development of new measurement methods, realization of measurement standards and the transfer of traceability from these standards to users in society. This handbook contains articles dealing with general topics of measurement and articles on particular subjects in mechanics and acoustics, electricity, optics, temperature, time and frequency, chemistry, medicine and particles. The contributions of the first part are sumamrized as follows. Introduction Units Fundamental Constants Fundamentals of Materials Measurement and Testing Measurement of Mass Desnity Measurement and Instrumentation of Flow Ultrasonics Measurement of Basic Electromagnetic Quantities Quantum Electrical Standards Metrology of Time and Frequency Temperature Measurement Metrology in Medicine

Containing more than 300 equations and nearly 500 drawings, photographs, and micrographs, this reference surveys key areas such as optical measurements and in-line calibration methods. It describes cleanroom-based measurement technology used during the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits and covers model-based, critical dimension, overlay

Metrology is the scientific study of measurement that establishes a common understanding of units, which is crucial in linking human activities. The three overlapping activities of metrology are the definition, realization and traceability of the units of measurement. There are three basic sub-fields of metrology in which these activities are used. They are scientific or fundamental metrology, technical or industrial metrology, and legal metrology. Study of scientific metrology is focused on the units of measurement, the development of new measurement methods, the realisation of measurement standards, and the transfer of traceability from these standards to users in a society. Technical metrology studies are based on the application of measurement to manufacturing and other processes and their use in society. Legal metrology is based on the activities that result from statuatory requirements, measurements, units of measurement, measuring instruments and their methods of measurement. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of metrology and related fields. Its objective is to give a general view of the different areas of this discipline, and its applications. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.

This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.

This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser technologies, including the complete range of their technical applications. This forth volume covers laser applications in the medical, metrology and communications fields. Key Features: • Offers a complete update of the original, bestselling work, including many brand-new chapters. • Deepens the introduction to fundamentals, from laser design and fabrication to host matrices for solid-state lasers, energy level diagrams, hosting materials, dopant energy levels, and lasers based on nonlinear effects. • Covers new laser types, including quantum cascade lasers, silicon-based lasers, titanium sapphire lasers, terahertz lasers, bismuth-doped fiber lasers, and diode-pumped alkali lasers. • Discusses the latest applications, e.g., lasers in microscopy, high-speed imaging, attosecond metrology, 3D printing, optical atomic clocks, time-resolved spectroscopy, polarization and profile measurements, pulse measurements, and laser-induced fluorescence detection. • Adds new sections on laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, lasers in imaging, lasers in environmental sciences, and lasers in communications. This handbook is the ideal companion for scientists, engineers, and students working with lasers, including those in optics, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, and other relevant areas.