This training guide seeks to eliminate deficiencies in the process of post-earthquake investigation of lifelines and attempts to gather material to meet certain objectives.

This committee report, Guide to Post-Earthquake Investigation of Lifelines, will help the investigator become familiar with the overall operation of major lifeline systems, with the function and operation of lifeline facilities and equipment, with past seismic performance, and with methods to gather pertinent information. The beginning chapters describe how to prepare for a post-earthquake investigation and provide a summary of phenomena related to earthquakes and their effect on lifelines. Chapters 6 - 11 explain typical system configurations and overall operation of the following lifelines: power, water, sewage, transportation, communications, liquid fuel and natural gas systems. System facilities and equipment are described for each lifeline, including their role in overall system operation and their seismic performance. Detailed guidance is provided for their investigation. Chapter 12 discusses tanks and emergency power, facilities common to many lifelines. The appendices present check lists in a form that can be used as field guides during investigations. report writing, and references to reconnaissance reports.

Prepared by the Earthquake Investigation Committee of the Technical Council of Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. On August 17, 1999, the Izmit (Kocaeli) earthquake tore through Kocaeli, Turkey, resulting in more than 15,000 deaths and 27,000 injuries; 200,000 people were left homeless. The electric power system, nearly destroyed, sustained more than US$70 million in damage. Another earthquake on November 12, to the east of Izmit at Duzce, added to the lifeline systems damage, impacting the communications system, water and wastewater system, ports, railway, road, and bridges. This TCLEE Monograph provides information for practitioners to improve the performance of the lifeline systems. Topics include: seismology, geology, and geotechnical issues; electric power; airports; telecommunications; water and wastewater; transportation (highways and bridges); liquid fuel facilities; railway; ports; hospitals; social impacts; and emergency response and recovery.

Prepared by the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE This TCLEE Monograph provides guidelines for the seismic evaluation and upgrade of water transmission facilities, including aqueducts, tunnels, canals, buried pipelines, elevated pipelines and their appurtenances. Topics covered include the performance of these facilities in past earthquakes; geotechnical issues; performance criteria; risk analysis; analysis methods; and a series of case studies. The guidelines can also be used for the design of new water transmission facilities. The case studies cover seismic designs and retrofits for the Mokelumne Aqueduct, the Contra Costa Canal, the Borel Canal, buried pipes at fault crossings, and auxiliary water fire fighting systems. The case studies also examine post-earthquake operations, financial issues, and the benefits of seismic retrofits.

Prepared by the Council on Disaster Reduction and Earthquake Investigation Committee of Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. This TCLEE Monograph details the effects of two earthquakes that occurred in El Salvador on January 13 and February 13, 2001. The first earthquake had a magnitude of 7.6, and the second had a magnitude of 6.6. Catastrophic damage was estimated at $1.6 billion. Significant lifeline disruption was the result of landslides, which closed the major Pan American Highway and the highway to the international airport and disrupted power, communication, street lighting, roads and water systems.

Seismic Guidelines for Ports was prepared by the Ports Committee of the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a committee of experienced professionals for port authorities, government, consulting engineering firms, and the academic community. This volume includes lessons of experience form past earthquakes; a summary of current state of knowledge and practice of risk reduction planning through design, analysis and material components; and guidelines for response and recovery at ports.

Prepared by the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. This TCLEE Monograph studies seven large lifeline organizations that have undertaken significant seismic improvement programs. In spite of often-cited barriers to natural hazards risk reduction, these organizations demonstrate a variety of ways to start and sustain risk-reduction programs. In these economically and politically robust organizations, top-level managers and high-level inside technical seismic advocates learned from the damage done by past earthquakes to their systems or similar systems and from research and educational programs. Then, each group developed an overall view of its system's earthquake vulnerabilities and devised adaptable, incremental seismic implementation programs.

TCLEE Monograph 16 presents more than 100 papers from the Fifth U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, held in Seattle, Washington, August 12-14, 1999.

Prepared by the Council on Disaster Reduction and the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. This TCLEE Monograph provides engineers and decision makers with tools to help them better understand acceptable risk processes and then develop risk reduction strategies and implement mitigation actions to reduce lifeline losses from future earthquakes. The disruption of lifelines from natural hazards has a direct impact on the world's regional economies and the health of their citizens. Therefore, it is important to understand what natural hazards are, how they can affect infrastructure lifelines, and what can be done to minimize their impact. These three elements, in turn, influence decisions that involve acceptable risk processes. The topic of "acceptable risk" provides one way of bringing integrated systems risk evaluations for disaster explicitly into a decision-making context. Topics include technical issues; risk criteria issues; and communication, administration, and regulation issues.