Groundwater theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of lithologic formations. This theme presents a perspective of the field of groundwater and an overview of the important aspects of the subject such as, natural origin and distribution, characteristics under diverse climates and surrounding rocky environments, exploration and management, natural quality and human related sources of contamination, sustainable exploitation of resources, protection and current research trends. The content of the theme on Groundwater is organized with state-of-the-art presentations covering several topics: Origin, Distribution, Formation, and Effects; Typical Hydrogeological Scenarios; Transport Processes in Groundwater; Transport Phenomena and Vulnerability of the Unsaturated Zone; Groundwater Development; Groundwater Use and Protection; Groundwater Management: An Overview of Hydro-geology, Economic Values and Principles of Management; Special Issues in Groundwater, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs

Groundwater Science, 2E, covers groundwater's role in the hydrologic cycle and in water supply, contamination, and construction issues. It is a valuable resource for students and instructors in the geosciences (with focuses in hydrology, hydrogeology, and environmental science), and as a reference work for professional researchers. This interdisciplinary text weaves important methods and applications from the disciplines of physics, chemistry, mathematics, geology, biology, and environmental science, introducing you to the mathematical modeling and contaminant flow of groundwater. New to the Second Edition:. New chapter on subsurface heat flow and geothermal systems. Expanded content on well construction and design, surface water hydrology, groundwater/ surface water interaction, slug tests, pumping tests, and mounding analysis.. Updated discussions of groundwater modeling, calibration, parameter estimation, and uncertainty. Free software tools for slug test analysis, pumping test analysis, and aquifer modeling. Lists of key terms and chapter contents at the start of each chapter. Expanded end-of-chapter problems, including more conceptual questions. Two-color figures. Homework problems at the end of each chapter and worked examples throughout. Companion website with videos of field exploration and contaminant migration experiments, PDF files of USGS reports, and data files for homework problems. PowerPoint slides and solution manual for adopting faculty.

Fully updated and expanded into two volumes, the new edition of Groundwater Contamination explains in a comprehensive way the sources for groundwater contamination, the regulations governing it, and the technologies for abating it. This volume discusses aquifer management and strategies for stormwater control and groundwater restoration. A number o

This second edition is extensively revised throughout with expanded discussion of modeling fundamentals and coverage of advances in model calibration and uncertainty analysis that are revolutionizing the science of groundwater modeling. The text is intended for undergraduate and graduate level courses in applied groundwater modeling and as a comprehensive reference for environmental consultants and scientists/engineers in industry and governmental agencies. - Explains how to formulate a conceptual model of a groundwater system and translate it into a numerical model - Demonstrates how modeling concepts, including boundary conditions, are implemented in two groundwater flow codes-- MODFLOW (for finite differences) and FEFLOW (for finite elements) - Discusses particle tracking methods and codes for flowpath analysis and advective transport of contaminants - Summarizes parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis approaches using the code PEST to illustrate how concepts are implemented - Discusses modeling ethics and preparation of the modeling report - Includes Boxes that amplify and supplement topics covered in the text - Each chapter presents lists of common modeling errors and problem sets that illustrate concepts

The Hydrological Cycle theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. The Hydrological Cycle is a process of constant water exchange or water circulation in the hydrosphere, i.e. in the system of the atmosphere - Earth's surface – soil cover - upper lithosphere (to a depth of 2000 m). Water in the hydrosphere is liquid, solid or gaseous; during the hydrological cycle it moves under the effect of heat energy, gravitation and capillary forces, converting from a liquid to its solid state or gas, and back. The hydrological cycle is one of the major geophysical processes on the planet providing relative stability of natural conditions and continuous distribution of water between ocean, land and atmosphere. The content of the Theme on The Hydrological Cycle is organized with state-of-the-art presentations covering several topics: Exchanges of Water in the Hydrosphere; Hydrosphere Components; World Water Balance; evaporation; Precipitation; Surface Water Runoff; Groundwater Hydrogeology; Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs

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Environmental Monitoring theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Environmental Monitoring is largely concerned with strategies in the preparation of environmental impact assessments, as well as in many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk of harmful effects on the natural environment.. All monitoring strategies and programmes on environment have reasons and justifications which are often designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish trends in environmental parameters. The content of the Theme provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues that are great relevance to our world with respect to environmental monitoring. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs

Water Quality and Standards is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Water Quality And Standards such as: Water Quality And Standards; Water Quality Standards And Monitoring; Basic Concepts And Definitions In Water Quality And Standards; Classification Of Water Quality Standards; Assessment Of Standards; Natural Waters; Surface Water Monitoring; Groundwater Monitoring; Water Quality Needs And Standards For Different Sectors And Uses; Water Supply And Health Care; Water Supply For Agriculture, Aquaculture, And Fisheries; Evaluation Of Water Quality In Aquatic Ecosystems; Industrial Water; Management Of Water Supplies After A Disaster; Effects Of Human Activities On Water Quality; Hydrologic Cycle And Water Usage; Minimizing Loads On Water Bodies; Groundwater Degradation By Human Activities; Surface Water Degradation By Human Activities; Pollution Sources; Point Sources Of Pollution; Non-Point Sources Of Pollution; Salinization Of Soils; Water Pollution By Agriculture And Other Rural Uses; Urban Water Pollution; Industrial Water Pollution; Contamination Of Water Resources; Organical Chemicals As Contaminants Of Water Bodies And Drinking Water; Inorganic Chemicals Including Radioactive Materials In Water bodies; Microbial/Biological Contamination Of Water; Physical / Mechanical Contamination Of Water. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers

Water Quality and Standards is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Drinking water should not be contaminated by microbes or chemical substances harmful to human health. This theme discusses water quality and the water quality standards required for the purpose of use in all its aspects. This work in two volumes is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs

Water Health is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volumes discuss matters of great relevance to our world on desalination which is a critically important as clearly the only possible means of producing fresh water from the sea for many parts of the world. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of water health such as: Water And Health; Classification Of Water-Related Disease; Burden Of Disease: Current Situation And Trends; Transmission And Prevention Of Water-Related Diseases; Goals Of Water Treatment And Disinfection: Reduction In Morbidity And Mortality; Diseases Associated With Drinking Water Supplies That Meet Treatment And Indicator Specifications; New And Emerging Waterborne Infectious Diseases; Safe Drinking Water In The Twenty-First Century: Priorities For Public Health; Health Impact And Economic Costs Of Poor Water And Sanitation; Water Safety Plans For Water Technologies; Hygiene Promotion; Institutional Issues In The Delivery Of Water And Sanitation Services; Economics And Financing In The Water Sector; Monitoring Drinking Water Supplies; Zoonoses Acquired Through Drinking Water; Microbiological Water Quality Assessment (Catchment To Tap); Epidemiologic Studies Of Disinfectants And Disinfectant By-Products; Health Effects Of Chemical Contamination Of Drinking Water Supplies; Unconventional Sources Of Water Supply; Point-Of-Use Water Treatment For Home And Travel; Treatment And Safe Storage Of Water In Households Without Piped Supplies Of Treated Water; Quantifying Health Risks In Wastewater Irrigation Impacts Of Eutrophication On The Safety Of Drinking And Recreational Water; Groundwater And Public Health; Aquaculture And Mariculture; Recreation In Natural Water Resources; Dry Sanitation Technologies - Can They Be Sustainable?; Constraints To Improving Water And Sanitation Services; Human Health In Water Resources Development; Toxic Cyanobacteria; Multiple Uses Of Water And Human Health; Health Impact Assessment; Water Reclamation And Reuse; Role Of Water Reuse In Management Of Urban Water Resources; The Uses Of Recycled Water; Coming To Terms With Nature: Water Reuse New Paradigm Towards Integrated Water Resources Management; Helminth Ova Control In Wastewater And Sludge For Agricultural Reuse. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers