In Generating Texts, Sharon Cadman Seelig tests traditional notions of genre by analyzing parallels between works that confound existing categories. Seelig pairs three seventeenth-century prose works with three other works, each of a later century: Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy with Sterne's Tristram Shandy, Browne's Religio Medici with Thoreau's Walden, and Donne's Devotions upon Emergent Occasions with Eliot's Four Quartets. Proceeding from her authors' similarities in method and common sets of assumptions (such as concern with process and discovery, time and eternity, or the nature of the self), she uncovers parallels showing that genre is not simply a set of formal features but rather a particular way of seeing the world that grows out of authorial attitude, impulse, and occasion. In addition to its obvious appeal to students and scholars interested in Sterne, Thoreau, Eliot or seventeenth-century literature, Generating Texts should interest literary scholars and students more generally, particularly those concerned with the interconnections between literary periods and genres. Seelig has written an original and accessible contribution to the field of genre study.

This book discusses issues in generating coherent, effective natural language descriptions with integrated text and examples. This is done in the context of a system for generating documentation dynamically from the underlying software representations. Good documentation is critical for user acceptance of any complex system. Advances in areas such as knowledge-based systems, natural language, and multimedia generation now make it possible to investigate the automatic generation of documentation from the underlying knowledge bases. This has several important benefits: it is always accessible; it is always current, because the documentation reflects the underlying representation; and, it can take the communication context, such as the user, into account. The work described in this book compiles results from cognitive psychology and education on effective presentation of examples, as well as work on computational generation of examples from intelligent tutoring systems. It also takes into account computational learning from examples, and a characterization of good examples for just this purpose. Issues arising from these research areas--as well as issues coming from the author's own corpus analysis of instructional and explanatory texts--are discussed in the context of generating natural language descriptions of software constructs. A text planner is used for a hierarchy of communicative goals. Examples are treated as an integral part of the planning process and their interaction with text is represented at all stages. The strengths and limitations of this approach are also discussed. Although the focus of this book is the generation of natural language descriptions, a similar set of issues need to be addressed in the generation of multimedia descriptions. This book will be of interest to all researchers working in the areas of natural language interfaces, intelligent tutoring systems, documentation and technical writing, and educational psychology.

Natural language generation (NLG) is the process wherein computers produce output in readable human languages. Such output takes many forms, including news articles, sports reports, prose fiction, and poetry. These computer-generated texts are often indistinguishable from human-written texts, and they are increasingly prevalent. NLG is here, and it is everywhere. However, readers are often unaware that what they are reading has been computer-generated. This Element considers how NLG conforms to and confronts traditional understandings of authorship and what it means to be a reader. It argues that conventional conceptions of authorship, as well as of reader responsibility, change in instances of NLG. What is the social value of a computer-generated text? What does NLG mean for modern writing, publishing, and reading practices? Can an NLG system be considered an author? This Element explores such question, while presenting a theoretical basis for future studies.

This book addresses the issue of how the user's level of domain knowledge affects interaction with a computer system. It demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating a model of user's domain knowledge into a natural language generation system.

Kathleen McKeown explores natural language text and presents a formal analysis of problems in a computer program, TEXT.

Mobilizing the power of cell phones to maximize students' learning power Teaching Generation Text shows how teachers can turn cell phones into an educational opportunity instead of an annoying distraction. With a host of innovative ideas, activities, lessons, and strategies, Nielsen and Webb offer a unique way to use students' preferred method of communication in the classroom. Cell phones can remind students to study, serve as a way to take notes, provide instant, on-demand answers and research, be a great vehicle for home-school connection, and record and capture oral reports or responses to polls and quizzes, all of which can be used to enhance lesson plans and increase motivation. Offers tactics for teachers to help their students integrate digital technology with their studies Filled with research-based ideas and strategies for using a cell phone to enhance learning Provides methods for incorporating cell phones into instruction with a unit planning guide and lesson plan ideas This innovative new book is filled with new ideas for engaging learners in fun, free, and easy ways using nothing more than a basic, text-enabled cell phone.

Mobilizing the power of cell phones to maximize students' learning power Teaching Generation Text shows how teachers can turn cell phones into an educational opportunity instead of an annoying distraction. With a host of innovative ideas, activities, lessons, and strategies, Nielsen and Webb offer a unique way to use students' preferred method of communication in the classroom. Cell phones can remind students to study, serve as a way to take notes, provide instant, on-demand answers and research, be a great vehicle for home-school connection, and record and capture oral reports or responses to polls and quizzes, all of which can be used to enhance lesson plans and increase motivation. Offers tactics for teachers to help their students integrate digital technology with their studies Filled with research-based ideas and strategies for using a cell phone to enhance learning Provides methods for incorporating cell phones into instruction with a unit planning guide and lesson plan ideas This innovative new book is filled with new ideas for engaging learners in fun, free, and easy ways using nothing more than a basic, text-enabled cell phone.

Creating Texts emphasises a practical approach to composition and enables students to understand what is involved in the creation of a text and to learn from the practice of other writers. Extensively rewritten and updated from Walter Nash's earlier volume, Designs in Prose, attention is paid to the general theory of composition, in both traditional and original terms, so that students are made familiar with the basic resources of composition, in grammar and in the lexicon. The essence of every chapter is the discussion of examples of text, sometimes devised by the authors, but more often drawn from the work of authors writing in diverse styles of English. This practical approach is most evident in the final section of the book where detailed suggestions for projects and exercises reinforce the connection between theory and practice, and encourage students to develop their creative sense and to adapt their style of writing to fit the particular audience and context. In addition, this section is cross-referenced to the main text to allow students to consult easily the relevant chapter.

"Models of Teaching is a great asset for beginning teachers as they integrate their pre-service training with the standards-based curricula in schools." —Amany Saleh, Arkansas State University "Rarely have I read a text from cover to cover...however, your text provided an abundance of effective teaching strategies in ways that better informed my own teaching...I was compelled to read through the entire test! Great job!" —Carolyn Andrews, Student at University of Nevada, Reno "This is a practical text that focuses on current practices in education and demonstrates how various models of teaching can address national standards." —Marsha Zenanko, Jacksonville State University "Models of Teaching provides excellent case studies that will enable students to ′see′ models of teaching in practice in the classroom." —Margaret M. Ferrara, University of Nevada, Reno Models of Teaching: Connecting Student Learning With Standards features classic and contemporary models of teaching appropriate to elementary and secondary settings. Authors Jeanine M. Dell′Olio and Tony Donk use detailed case studies to discuss 10 models of teaching and demonstrate how the models can incorporate state content standards and benchmarks, as well as technology standards. This book provides students with a theoretical and practical understanding of how to use models of teaching to both meet and exceed the growing expectations for research-based instructional practices and student achievement. Key Features Shows how each model looks and sounds in classrooms at all levels: Each model is illustrated with two detailed case studies (elementary and secondary) and post-lesson reflections. Offers detailed descriptions of the phases of each model: Each model is accompanied by a detailed chart and discussion of the steps of the model. Applies technology standards and performance indicators: Each chapter addresses how the particular model can be implemented to meet technology standards and performance indicators. Connects philosophies of curriculum and instruction: This book connects each model to a philosophy of curriculum and instruction that undergirds that model so teachers understand both how to teach and why. Promotes student interaction with the text: Exercises at the end of each chapter provide the opportunity for beginning teachers to work directly with core curricula from their own state, and/or local school district curricula. Each model is illustrated with two detailed case studies (elementary and secondary) and post-lesson reflections. A High Quality Ancillary Package! Instructors′ Resource CD-ROM—This helpful CD-ROM offers PowerPoint slides, an electronic test bank, Web resources, a teaching guide for the case studies, lesson plan template instructions, and much more. Qualified instructors can request a copy by contacting SAGE Customer Care at 1-800-818-SAGE (7243) from 6am–5pm, PT. Student Study Site — This study site provides practice tests, flash cards, a lesson plan template, suggested assignments, links to state content and technology standards, field experience guides, and much more. Intended Audience: This is an excellent core textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying Elementary and/or Secondary Teaching Methods in the field of Education.

In knowledge-based natural language generation, issues of formal knowledge representation meet with the linguistic problems of choosing the most appropriate verbalization in a particular situation of utterance. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation presents a new approach to systematically linking the realms of lexical semantics and knowledge represented in a description logic. For language generation from such abstract representations, lexicalization is taken as the central step: when choosing words that cover the various parts of the content representation, the principal decisions on conveying the intended meaning are made. A preference mechanism is used to construct the utterance that is best tailored to parameters representing the context. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation develops the means for systematically deriving a set of paraphrases from the same underlying representation with the emphasis on events and verb meaning. Furthermore, the same mapping mechanism is used to achieve multilingual generation: English and German output are produced in parallel, on the basis of an adequate division between language-neutral and language-specific (lexical and grammatical) knowledge. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation provides detailed insights into designing the representations and organizing the generation process. Readers with a background in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, knowledge representation, linguistics, or natural language processing will find a model of language production that can be adapted to a variety of purposes.