The evolution of distance education in India in forms of dual mode, single mode and consortia has been phenomenal. The system today is one of the largest distance education networks in the world comprising dual mode university distance education institutes, single mode open universities, dual mode secondary education, single mode open schools, distance education council/consortium, and many private and semi-government providers of education and training. The four generations of distance education have been implemented in a variety of forms and models, and the system exhibits adoption of innovative practices in course design, development, delivery, evaluation, media networking, and planning and management which have proved effective in addressing the issues of access and equity, economy, quality and reform in the country, and which have been adapted/emulated by a host of such systems in the developing world. It is, therefore, imperative at this stage to reflect on the developments of above four decades of distance education in this country, and map its future expansion. Each chapter in the volume reflects on the concerned theme covering the distance education system in the country, traces the limitations and adoption of innovative strategies to address the issues, and introspect on its future possibilities.

Distance education is arguably one of the major developments in education during the 20th Century. This title explores the array of distance education theories and practices as they have been shaped by the late-20th Century and then positions these in terms of the contemporary circumstances of the 21st Century.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book describes the history, structure and institutions of open and distance education in six countries: China, India, Russia, Turkey, South Africa and South Korea. It describes how open and distance education is evolving in a digital age to reflect the needs and circumstances of the national higher education systems in these countries. It also explores the similarities and differences between how their open and distance higher education systems are managed and structured. This book is the second in a series, following Open and Distance Education in Australia, Europe and the Americas (Springer 2018). Both books compare and draw conclusions about the nature of open and distance education in the context of various national higher education systems. In a digital era characterized by the growing use of online, open and distance education, this book will prove particularly valuable for policy-makers and senior administrators who want to learn about establishing or expanding open and distance education services. In addition, it offers a valuable reference guide for researchers, academics and students interested in understanding the different approaches to open and distance education. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the organizational models of distance and online learning from an international perspective and from the point of view of economic planning, costing and management decision-making. The book points to directions for the further research and development in this area, and will promote further understandin

Provides communication technologies, intelligent technologies, and quality educational pedagogy for advancing distance education for both teaching and learning.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book describes the history, structure and institutions of open and distance education in six countries: China, India, Russia, Turkey, South Africa and South Korea. It describes how open and distance education is evolving in a digital age to reflect the needs and circumstances of the national higher education systems in these countries. It also explores the similarities and differences between how their open and distance higher education systems are managed and structured. This book is the second in a series, following Open and Distance Education in Australia, Europe and the Americas (Springer 2018). Both books compare and draw conclusions about the nature of open and distance education in the context of various national higher education systems. In a digital era characterized by the growing use of online, open and distance education, this book will prove particularly valuable for policy-makers and senior administrators who want to learn about establishing or expanding open and distance education services. In addition, it offers a valuable reference guide for researchers, academics and students interested in understanding the different approaches to open and distance education.

"This book brings together online distance education, transformative online learning, and the aesthetics concepts discussing innovation, creativity, inclusion, society, culture, mobility, usability, discourse, feminism, ecology and spirituality"--Provided by publisher.

Disaster Management is an intended textbook for students pursuing a first and intermediate course on the subject in any undergraduate programme, especially engineering courses like civil, structural, geotechnical engineering and other specialized courses on the subject. The latest AICTE and the earlier UGC model curriculums have been extensively consulted to design the contents of the book. Knowledge of research methodology is essential for all who either play an active role in conducting research or desire to keep themselves updated in the field of knowledge. Keeping this in mind, this edition has been thoroughly revised. The book contains an up-to-date account of the methods and techniques suited to the field of education and other allied disciplines and thus provides an understanding of significant research problems that need to be tackled. The book elaborates the quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques; use of descriptive and inferential statistics; reporting of the results of research along with the characteristics and uses of historical, descriptive, ethnographic and experimental methods. Case studies form an important part of the text. It also provides priority areas of educational research in India in the context of National Education Policy (1986) and its Programme of Action (1992), UGC, DEC-IGNOU (2006), NCERT (2005), and UNESCO initiatives and policies as well as the Surveys of Research in Education (1997 and 2006).Designed and written mainly for the students of M.A. (Education, Psychology and Sociology), M.Ed. and M.Phil. (Education, Psychology and Sociology), the book will be of immense value to the Ph.D. students and other researchers of Social Sciences, Biological Sciences, Management, Legal Studies, Humanities and Languages.

In Asia, the demand for higher education (HE) is on a relentless course in the near and medium term as reflected in current levels of participation. Governments planning to respond to this growth should have policy options to balance costs, sustainability, and ensuring fair and equitable access to HE, including to underrepresented segments of the society. This publication makes a strong case for shifting the development agenda from narrow perspective of access to widening participation and for strengthening inclusiveness in HE in Asia. It also discusses extensively developments in the use and potential of information and communication technologies in the delivery of HE.

Education is a very common ad globally widespread term and in one way or other appears to be as old as mankind, though during the time, its concept, meaning, objectives and modes of delivery have inevitably remained in a constant flux. As a student of education, and as a prospective teacher, it is vital for us to understand the nature, meaning and concept of education and different perspectives that have shaped its context from time to time. Understanding the meaning and concept of education will help us to develop insights about the various processes of education. Education is considered both a field of knowledge and an area of operation. As a field of knowledge, it deals with a number of concepts, ideas, principles and thoughts which are educative in nature. On another side, education is a field of practice. Educational practices occur in different environments, namely formal, non-formal and informal environments. Education operates in a wide spectrum of situations both at macro and micro levels.