Rice straw, under increased scrutiny when burned as agricultural waste, has new promise as a livestock feed.

This open access book on straw management aims to provide a wide array of options for rice straw management that are potentially more sustainable, environmental, and profitable compared to current practice. The book is authored by expert researchers, engineers and innovators working on a range of straw management options with case studies from Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. The book is written for engineers and researchers in order to provide them information on current good practice and the gaps and constraints that require further research and innovation. The book is also aimed at extension workers and farmers to help them decide on the best alternative straw management options in their area by presenting both the technological options as well as the value chains and business models required to make them work. The book will also be useful for policy makers, required by public opinion to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, looking for research-based evidence to guide the policies they develop and implement.

Natural Cattle Care encompasses every facet of farm management, from the mineral components of the soils cattle graze over, to issues of fencing, shelter and feed regimens. Coleby presents a comprehensive analysis of farming techniques that keep the health of the animal in mind. She brings a wealth of animal husbandry experiences to bear in this analysis of the serious problems of contemporary farming practices, focusing on how poor soils lead to mineral-deficient plants and ailing farm animals. Coleby provides system-level solutions and specific remedies for optimizing cattle health and productivity.

Discusses hay, hay crops and crop residues in a wide range of situations. This publication deals with the haymaking process, cultivation of hay crops and management of natural hay fields as well as the harvest and conservation of crop residues as animal feed. A series of case studies from Asia, Africa and Latin America illustrate how hay and crop residues can be integrated into production systems.

With feed prices rising, dairies are looking for new feed options such as rice straw. The problem is rice straw can jam equipment and be hard to mix into other ration components. The key is to cut the straw to the right length at the cutter/baler stage

Legumes are an important source of protein for humans and animals. They provide nutritionally rich crop residues for animal feed, and playa key role in maintaining the productivity of soils particularly through biological nitro gen fixation. They are, therefore, of immense value in rainfed farming systems. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has a responsibility for research on food, pasture, and forage legumes. The Center also has the broad objective of improving livestock production in rainfed farming systems. Although food legumes have be~n known and grown by farmers in the WANA region for a long time, their productivity has remained low and variable. Forage legumes, on the other hand, are not so well known by farmers of the region, and their role in the farming systems is not so well understood. Thus, we need to develop the concept of using forage legumes as crops and to fit them into cropping systems. In its efforts to increase the productivity of food legumes and develop the legume-based crop/livestock systems, ICARDA has established a network of scientists in the different National Agricultural Research Systems in the region. To further strengthen this network, ICARDA convened a workshop on 'The Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of Mediterranean Areas' in Tunis, Tunisia, 20-24 June 1988. This workshop was co-sponsored by UNDP, who also contributed funds for this publication.

Offers the practical advice of a manual for the cottage farmer as well as meditation in praise of work and pleasure.

Location and potential feed use. Handling and storing. Anatomical and chemical characteristics. Physical treatment. Wet treatment with sodium hydroxide. Industrial-scale dry treatment with sodium hydroxide. Farm-scale dry treatment with sodium hydroxide. Ensiling with sodium hydroxide. Ammonia treatment; Treatment with other chemicals. Microbial conversion of lignocellulose into feed; Whole crop harvesting, separation and utilization; Microbial degradation in the digestive tract. Digestibility, nutritive value and feed intake; Supplementation of diets based on fibrous residues and by-products; In practical rations for cattle and buffaloes; In practical rations for cattle; In practical rations for sheep and goats. In the diet of other ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores; Laboratory methods for evaluating the nutritive value of untreated and treated fibrous by-products; The economics of using straw as feed; Implications of a more widespread use of straw and other fibrous by-products as feed.

This book discusses the important issue of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of agricultural residue burning, common in agricultural practices in many parts of the world. In particular, it focuses on the pollution caused by rice residue burning using primary survey data from Punjab, India. It discusses emerging solutions to agricultural waste burning that are cost-effective in terms of both money and time. The burning of agricultural residue causes severe pollution in land, water and air and contributes to increased ozone levels and climate change in the long term. However, appropriate assessments have not been undertaken so far to demonstrate the relevant impact of agriculture-based pollution, especially residue burning. This book addresses this gap in the literature. Punjab has been used as a case study as it is the chief granary of India, contributing to 27.2 percent of the Indian national produce of rice and 43.8 percent of wheat. It is presumed that the findings from this state will be useful not only for other agricultural areas in India, but across the world. This book, therefore, sensitizes policy makers, researchers and students about the impacts of air pollution caused by agricultural residue burning---a subject not much dealt in the literature---and provides a way forward.