TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION THE ARMENIANS UNDER TURKISH DOMINATION: FROM THE EARLY TIMES ONWARDS a) The Establishment of the Armenian Pati'iarchate b) The Armenian Populatian Figures in the 16th Century in Anatolia CHAPTER I A GENERAL LOOK AT THE ARMENIAN QUESTION RIGHT UP TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR A) European Powers' and Russia's Policies in the Near East a) The Incitement of the Armenians b) The Armenians' Demands c) Armenian Reforms d) The Forming of the Armenian Organisations e) First Acts of Violence Committed by the Armenian Revolutionary Organisations f) The Prince Sabahattin Mavement and the Armenians. g) The Adana Violence and the Efforts to establish an independent Armenia B) The Armenians During The Course Of The First World War a) Cooperation of the Armenians with the Russians b) The Van Uprising C) ATROCITIES COMMITIED BY THE ARMENIANS AND THE COUNTER-MEASURES a) The Transfer of the Zeytun Armenians to Konya b) The Closing Down of the Armenian Associations CHAPTER II A) The Making of the Decision for the Relocation of the Armenians and its Implementation a) The Purpose of the Relocation b) The Transfer of the Armenians to New Places for Resenlement c) Attacks on the Armenian Convoys and the Counter Measures taken by the State d) The Armenians not subjected to Relocation and Armenians who converted to Islam to escape it e) Provisions for the relocated Armenians O The Property of the Relocated Armenians g) The Relocation of the Armenians and its Reflections Abroad and the Documented Relocation h) The Armenians af ter the Completion of the Relocation B) The Situation after the Relocation and the Decree of Return CONCLUSION INDEX BIBllOG RAPHY ANNEX.

Avoiding the sterile "was-it-genocide-or-not" debate, this book will open a new chapter in this contentious controversy and may help achieve a long-overdue reconciliation of Armenians and Turks.

Relocation as a strategy and operational approach in war has reappeared in various forms from the late 18th century to the present day. In A Global History of Relocation in Counterinsurgency Warfare, Edward J Erickson brings together a distinguished cast of contributors to present a chronological survey of the major relocations of people conducted as deliberate operational approaches to modern conflicts. Each chapter covers a different case study, including the removal of Native Americans in the USA, La Reconcentracion in Cuba, the American internment of Filipinos after the Balangiga Massacre, the deportation of the Boer population in South Africa and the relocation of Ottoman Armenians and Russian Jews. Bringing together the threads of the separate case studies, the conclusion reaffirms relocation as a deliberate operational approach used by major powers in warfare against real or perceived threats. This is a vital volume for academics and students interested in military history, counterinsurgency and strategic studies.

Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915, offers new perspectives on the political conflicts and violent events that shaped the history of the region.

Before Rwanda and Bosnia, and before the Holocaust, the first genocide of the twentieth century happened in Turkish Armenia in 1915, when approximately one million people were killed. This volume is an account of the American response to this atrocity. The first part sets up the framework for understanding the genocide: Sir Martin Gilbert, Vahakn Dadrian and Jay Winter provide an analytical setting for nine scholarly essays examining how Americans learned of this catastrophe and how they tried to help its victims. Knowledge and compassion, though, were not enough to stop the killings. A terrible precedent was born in 1915, one which has come to haunt the United States and other Western countries throughout the twentieth century and beyond. To read the essays in this volume is chastening: the dilemmas Americans faced when confronting evil on an unprecedented scale are not very different from the dilemmas we face today.

Interventions on behalf of Armenia and Armenians have come to be identified by scholars and practitioners alike as defining moments in the history of humanitarianism. This volume reassesses these claims, critically examining a range of interventions by governments, international and diasporic organizations, and individuals that aimed to ‘save Armenians’. Drawing on perspectives from a range of disciplines, the chapters trace the evolution of these interventions from the late-nineteenth to the present day, paying particular attention to the aftermaths of the genocide and the upheavals of the post-Soviet period. Geographically, the contributions connect diverse spaces and places – the Caucasus, Russia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, South America, and Australia – revealing shifting transnational networks of aid and intervention. These chapters are followed by reflections from leading scholars in the fields of refugee history and Armenian history, Peter Gatrell and Ronald Grigor Suny. Aid to Armenia not only offers an innovative exploration into the history of Armenia and Armenians and the history of humanitarianism, but it provides a platform for practitioners to think critically about contemporary humanitarian questions facing Armenia, the South Caucasus region and the wider Armenian diaspora.

On 26 August 1914 the world-famous university library in the Belgian town of Louvain was looted and destroyed by German troops. The international community reacted in horror - 'Holocaust at Louvain' proclaimed the Daily Mail - and the behaviour of the Germans at Louvain came to be seen as the beginning of a different style of war, without the rules that had governed military conflict up to that point - a more total war, in which enemy civilians and their entire culture were now 'legitimate' targets. Yet the destruction at Louvain was simply one symbolic moment in a wider wave of cultural destruction and mass killing that swept Europe in the era of the First World War. Using a wide range of examples and eye-witness accounts from across Europe at this time, award-winning historian Alan Kramer paints a picture of an entire continent plunging into a chilling new world of mass mobilization, total warfare, and the celebration of nationalist or ethnic violence - often directed expressly at the enemy's civilian population.

A Companion to the First World War brings together an international team of distinguished historians who provide a series of original and thought-provoking essays on one of the most devastating events in modern history. Comprises 38 essays by leading scholars who analyze the current state of historical scholarship on the First World War Provides extensive coverage spanning the pre-war period, the military conflict, social, economic, political, and cultural developments, and the war's legacy Offers original perspectives on themes as diverse as strategy and tactics, war crimes, science and technology, and the arts Selected as a 2011 Outstanding Academic Title by CHOICE

Approaching the Middle East through the lens of Diaspora Studies, the 11 detailed case studies in this volume explore the experiences of different diasporic groups in and of the region, and look at the changing conceptions and practice of diaspora in the context of the modern Middle East.