Forensic art may be defined as 'portrait art minus a tangible subject.' The main objective of this book is to present a series of practical indices interrelating the key features of the human face that will provide a foundation for any exercise in forensic art from composite sketch to post-mortem 're-facing.' These indices are illustrated with a survey of the numerous and often surprising geometric forms that permeate facial design. The various triangles and rectangles, rhomboids and trapezoids, parallelograms and circles that define the human face (the theme) and give it individuality (variations on the theme) are examined. The chapters provide necessary information to define the cephalometric points, planes, areas and lines that demarcate the human face, including the detailed surface anatomy of the eye, nose, mouth and ear. The underlying geometry of the human facial plan is revealed, illustrating a selection of triangles, rectangles, and other polygons. The graphic facial analysis (GFA) of the frontal face is covered, with sixteen indices and triangles defining and illustrating their means and ranges of variation. The GFA details the lateral face by means of eight angles and indices with special attention given to the nose and ear. With 45 illustrations and two tables in this clear and comprehensive text, this book leaves little to the imagination and is truly a unique treatise and source of information.

Human faces are familiar to our visual systems. We easily recognize a person's face in arbitrary lighting conditions and in a variety of poses; detect small appearance changes; and notice subtle expression details. Can computer vision systems process face images as well as human vision systems can? Face image processing has potential applications in surveillance, image and video search, social networking, and other domains. A comprehensive guide to this fascinating topic, this book provides a systematic description of modeling face geometry and appearance from images, including information on mathematical tools, physical concepts, image processing and computer vision techniques, and concrete prototype systems. The book will be an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students in computer vision, computer graphics, and multimedia as well as application developers who would like to gain a better understanding of the state of the art.

What features or information can we observe from a face, and how can these information help us to understand the person concerned, in terms of their well-being and what can we learn about and from each given feature? This book answers these questions by first dividing a face's multiple characteristics into two main categories: original (or physiological) features and features that change over a lifetime. The first category, original features, may be further divided into two sub-classes: features special (or unique) to an individual, and features common to a particular group. The second, changed features, can also be subdivided into two groups: features altered due to disease or features altered by other external factors. From these four sub-categories, four different applications — facial identification using original and special features; beauty analysis using original common features; facial diagnosis by disease changed features; and expression recognition through affect-changed features — are identified.The book will benefit researchers, professionals, and graduate students working in the field of computer vision, pattern recognition, security/clinical practice, and beauty analysis, and will also be useful for interdisciplinary research.

This book presents a comprehensive review of heterogeneous face analysis and synthesis, ranging from the theoretical and technical foundations to various hot and emerging applications, such as cosmetic transfer, cross-spectral hallucination and face rotation. Deep generative models have been at the forefront of research on artificial intelligence in recent years and have enhanced many heterogeneous face analysis tasks. Not only has there been a constantly growing flow of related research papers, but there have also been substantial advances in real-world applications. Bringing these together, this book describes both the fundamentals and applications of heterogeneous face analysis and synthesis. Moreover, it discusses the strengths and weaknesses of related methods and outlines future trends. Offering a rich blend of theory and practice, the book represents a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners who need to construct face analysis systems with deep generative networks.

This comprehensive work provides the fundamentals of computer facial animation and brings into sharper focus techniques that are becoming mainstream in the industry. Over the past decade, since the publication of the first edition, there have been significant developments by academic research groups and in the film and games industries leading to t

Complete with online files and updates, this important new volume covers many of the areas in which hybrid information technology is advancing. The book is the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology, held in Korea in 2006. More than 60 revised papers were carefully selected during a second round of reviewing from 235 reports given at the conference, and are presented in extended version in the book.

An instant New York Times Bestseller! “Unreasonably entertaining . . . reveals how geometric thinking can allow for everything from fairer American elections to better pandemic planning.” —The New York Times From the New York Times-bestselling author of How Not to Be Wrong—himself a world-class geometer—a far-ranging exploration of the power of geometry, which turns out to help us think better about practically everything. How should a democracy choose its representatives? How can you stop a pandemic from sweeping the world? How do computers learn to play Go, and why is learning Go so much easier for them than learning to read a sentence? Can ancient Greek proportions predict the stock market? (Sorry, no.) What should your kids learn in school if they really want to learn to think? All these are questions about geometry. For real. If you're like most people, geometry is a sterile and dimly remembered exercise you gladly left behind in the dust of ninth grade, along with your braces and active romantic interest in pop singers. If you recall any of it, it's plodding through a series of miniscule steps only to prove some fact about triangles that was obvious to you in the first place. That's not geometry. Okay, it is geometry, but only a tiny part, which has as much to do with geometry in all its flush modern richness as conjugating a verb has to do with a great novel. Shape reveals the geometry underneath some of the most important scientific, political, and philosophical problems we face. Geometry asks: Where are things? Which things are near each other? How can you get from one thing to another thing? Those are important questions. The word "geometry"comes from the Greek for "measuring the world." If anything, that's an undersell. Geometry doesn't just measure the world—it explains it. Shape shows us how.

3D Face Modeling, Analysis and Recognition presents methodologies for analyzing shapes of facial surfaces, develops computational tools for analyzing 3D face data, and illustrates them using state-of-the-art applications. The methodologies chosen are based on efficient representations, metrics, comparisons, and classifications of features that are especially relevant in the context of 3D measurements of human faces. These frameworks have a long-term utility in face analysis, taking into account the anticipated improvements in data collection, data storage, processing speeds, and application scenarios expected as the discipline develops further. The book covers face acquisition through 3D scanners and 3D face pre-processing, before examining the three main approaches for 3D facial surface analysis and recognition: facial curves; facial surface features; and 3D morphable models. Whilst the focus of these chapters is fundamentals and methodologies, the algorithms provided are tested on facial biometric data, thereby continually showing how the methods can be applied. Key features: • Explores the underlying mathematics and will apply these mathematical techniques to 3D face analysis and recognition • Provides coverage of a wide range of applications including biometrics, forensic applications, facial expression analysis, and model fitting to 2D images • Contains numerous exercises and algorithms throughout the book

This book presents the state-of-the-art in face detection and analysis. It outlines new research directions, including in particular psychology-based facial dynamics recognition, aimed at various applications such as behavior analysis, deception detection, and diagnosis of various psychological disorders. Topics of interest include face and facial landmark detection, face recognition, facial expression and emotion analysis, facial dynamics analysis, face classification, identification, and clustering, and gaze direction and head pose estimation, as well as applications of face analysis.

Our homes anticipate when we want to wake up. Our computers predict what music we want to buy. Our cars adapt to the way we drive. In today’s world, even washing machines, rice cookers and toys have the capability of autonomous decision-making. As we grow accustomed to computing power embedded in our surroundings, it becomes clear that these ‘smart environments’, with a number of devices controlled by a coordinating system capable of ‘ambient intelligence’, will play an ever larger role in our lives. This handbook provides readers with comprehensive, up-to-date coverage in what is a key technological field. . Systematically dealing with each aspect of ambient intelligence and smart environments, the text covers everything, from visual information capture and human/computer interaction to multi-agent systems, network use of sensor data, and building more rationality into artificial systems. The book also details a wide range of applications, examines case studies of recent major projects from around the world, and analyzes both the likely impact of the technology on our lives, and its ethical implications. With a wide variety of separate disciplines all conducting research relevant to this field, this handbook encourages collaboration between disparate researchers by setting out the fundamental concepts from each area that are relevant to ambient intelligence and smart environments, providing a fertile soil in which ground-breaking new work candevelop.