Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1,0, LMU Munich, language: English, abstract: A common element of a user interface for initiating an action is the button that is traditionally touched or clicked. A new concept is introduced in this work that extends the standard functionality of a button with advanced gaze-based functions, the GazeButton. It acts as an universal interface for gaze-based UI interactions during a classic touch interaction. It is easy to join with existing UIs and unobtrusively complementary because it keeps the users’ freedom to choose between classic and gaze-based interaction. In addition it is uncomplicated, because all new functions are locally bound to it, and, despite being just a small UI-Element, it is usable for interactions throughout the display and even beyond because of its gaze component. The GazeButton is demonstrated using a text editing application on a multitouch tablet computer. For example, a word can be selected by looking at it and tapping the GazeButton avoiding strenuous physical movement. For such examples, concrete systematic designs are presented that combine visual and manual user input whereafter the gaze based text selection is compared with the classic touch based one in a user study.

Recent advances in eye tracking technology will allow for a proliferation of new applications. Improvements in interactive methods using eye movement and gaze control could result in faster and more efficient human computer interfaces, benefitting users with and without disabilities. Gaze Interaction and Applications of Eye Tracking: Advances in Assistive Technologies focuses on interactive communication and control tools based on gaze tracking, including eye typing, computer control, and gaming, with special attention to assistive technologies. For researchers and practitioners interested in the applied use of gaze tracking, the book offers instructions for building a basic eye tracker from off-the-shelf components, gives practical hints on building interactive applications, presents smooth and efficient interaction techniques, and summarizes the results of effective research on cutting edge gaze interaction applications.

Remarkable progress in eye-tracking technologies opened the way to design novel attention-based intelligent user interfaces, and highlighted the importance of better understanding of eye-gaze in human-computer interaction and human-human communication. For instance, a user’s focus of attention is useful in interpreting the user’s intentions, their understanding of the conversation, and their attitude towards the conversation. In human face-to-face communication, eye gaze plays an important role in floor management, grounding, and engagement in conversation. Eye Gaze in Intelligent User Interfaces draws on ideas from a number of contributors working on how attentional information can be applied to novel intelligent interfaces. Part I focuses on analyzing human eye gaze behaviors to reveal characteristics of human communication and cognition; Part II addresses estimation and prediction of the cognitive state of the users using gaze information; and Part III presents proposals of novel gaze-aware interfaces which integrate eye-trackers as a system component. The contributions highlight a direction for the future of human-computer interaction, and discuss issues in human attentional behaviors and face-to-face communication which are essential in designing gaze aware interactive interfaces.

Eye tracking is a process that identifies a specific point in both space and time that is being looked at by the observer. This information can also be used in real-time to control applications using the eyes. Recent innovations in the video game industry include alternative input modalities to provide an enhanced, more immersive user experience. In particular, eye gaze control has recently been explored as an input modality in video games. This book is an introduction for those interested in using eye tracking to control or analyze video games and virtual environments. Key concepts are illustrated through three case studies in which gaze control and voice recognition have been used in combination to control virtual characters and applications. The lessons learned in the case studies are presented and issues relating to incorporating eye tracking in interactive applications are discussed. The reader will be given an introduction to human visual attention, eye movements and eye tracking technologies. Previous work in the field of studying fixation behavior in games and using eye tracking for video game interaction will also be presented. The final chapter discusses ideas for how this field can be developed further to create richer interaction for characters and crowds in virtual environments. Alternative means of interaction in video games are especially important for disabled users for whom traditional techniques, such as mouse and keyboard, may be far from ideal. This book is also relevant for those wishing to use gaze control in applications other than games. Table of Contents: Introduction / The Human Visual System / Eye Tracking / Eye Tracking in Video Games / Gaze and Voice Controlled Video Games: Case Study I and II / Gaze and Voice Controlled Drawing: Case Study III / Conclusion

This volume presents high quality, state-of-the-art research ideas and results from theoretic, algorithmic and application viewpoints. It contains contributions by leading experts in the obsequious scientific and technological field of multimedia. The book specifically focuses on interaction with multimedia content with special emphasis on multimodal interfaces for accessing multimedia information. The book is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry. It is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

This volume presents a state-of-the-art of current research on the role of eye gaze in different types of interaction, including human-human and human-computer interaction. Approaching the phenomenon from different disciplinary and methodological angles, the chapters in the volume are united through a shared technological approach, viz. the use of eye-tracking technology for measuring speakers’ and hearers’ eye gaze patterns while engaged in interaction. Envisioned as an ‘innovating reader’, the volume addresses key questions of interdisciplinary relevance (e.g. to what extent can the analysis of fine-grained eye gaze data, obtained with eye-tracking technology, inform conversation analysis, and vice versa?), positioning (e.g. what is the semiotic status of eye gaze in relation to linguistic signaling?), and methodology (e.g. can we strike a balance between experimental control and authenticity in setting up dialogue settings with eye-tracking technology?). The exploration of these and other questions contributes to the demarcation of a burgeoning research program.

Currently, the most common method of interacting with a computer is through the use of a mouse and keyboard. HCI research includes the development of interactive interfaces that go beyond the desktop Graphical User Interface (GUI) paradigm. The provision of user-computer interfaces through gesturing, facial expression, speaking as well as other forms of human communication have also been the focus of intense studies. Eye Gaze Tracking (EGT) is another type of Human Computer Interface which has proven useful for several different industries, and the rapid introduction of new models by commercial EGT companies has led to more efficient and user-friendly interfaces. Unfortunately, the cost of these commercial trackers have made it difficult for them to gain popularity. In this research, a low cost multi-modal interface is utilized to overcome this issue and help users adapt to new input modalities. The system developed recognizes input from eyes and speech. The eye gaze detection module is based on Opengazer, an open-source gaze tracking application, and is responsible for determining the estimated gaze point coordinates. The images captured during calibration are grey-scaled and averaged to form a single image; they are mapped relative to the position of the user’s pupil and the corresponding point on the screen. These images are then used to train a Gaussian Process which is used to determine the estimated gaze point. The voice recognition module detects voice commands from the user and converts them into mouse events. This interface can be operated in two distinct modes. One mode uses eye gaze as a cursor-positioning tool and voice commands to perform mouse click events. The second mode uses dwell-based gaze interaction, in which focusing for a predetermined amount of time triggers a click event. Both the modules work concurrently when using multimodal input. Several modifications were made to improve the stability and accuracy of gaze, albeit within the constraints of the open-source gaze tracker. The multimodal implementation results were measured in terms of tracking accuracy and stability of estimated gaze point.

Esta enciclopedia presenta numerosas experiencias y discernimientos de profesionales de todo el mundo sobre discusiones y perspectivas de la la interacción hombre-computadoras

Security and authentication issues are surging to the forefront of the research realm in global society. As technology continues to evolve, individuals are finding it easier to infiltrate various forums and facilities where they can illegally obtain information and access. By implementing biometric authentications to these forums, users are able to prevent attacks on their privacy and security. Biometrics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a multi-volume publication highlighting critical topics related to access control, user identification, and surveillance technologies. Featuring emergent research on the issues and challenges in security and privacy, various forms of user authentication, biometric applications to image processing and computer vision, and security applications within the field, this publication is an ideal reference source for researchers, engineers, technology developers, students, and security specialists.

How we interface and interact with computing, communications and entertainment devices is going through revolutionary changes, with natural user inputs based on touch, voice, and vision replacing or augmenting the use of traditional interfaces based on the keyboard, mouse, joysticks, etc. As a result, displays are morphing from one-way interface devices that merely show visual content to two-way interaction devices that provide more engaging and immersive experiences. This book provides an in-depth coverage of the technologies, applications, and trends in the rapidly emerging field of interactive displays enabled by natural human-interfaces. Key features: Provides a definitive reference reading on all the touch technologies used in interactive displays, including their advantages, limitations, and future trends. Covers the fundamentals and applications of speech input, processing and recognition techniques enabling voice-based interactions. Offers a detailed review of the emerging vision-based sensing technologies, and user interactions using gestures of hands, body, face, and eye gazes. Discusses multi-modal natural user interface schemes which intuitively combine touch, voice, and vision for life-like interactions. Examines the requirements and technology status towards realizing “true” 3D immersive and interactive displays.