Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, , language: English, abstract: Marine products industry alone has a share of at least 6 per cent in world exports in which India is the fourth largest exporting country after China, Peru and Japan. In fact, out of 7.85 million tonnes (mt) of overall fish production of India, roughly 43 per cent is contributed by the marine sector though it turns out to be less than half to that of India’s major competitors in fish trade. Marine products exports play a pivotal role in Indian economy in terms of employment and income generation besides valuable foreign exchange earnings. They have created a huge demand in international trade and are acclaimed to be one of the fastest moving commodities in the world food market. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Chile, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, Peru and South Korea are the main sea-food exporters comprising more than 60 per cent of trade value of marine products. In general, 38 per cent (live weight equivalent) of total fisheries product is traded internationally. But with only 20 per cent of its total fish production entering world trade, Indian seafood exports are far below than the global average. Fortunately, India’s vast coastline of 8,129 km stretching almost two-thirds of the country and encompassing an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of more than 2.2 million sq. km. offers sufficient surplus of fish and fishery products, which is currently under-exploited. As of 2015-16, marine products with export earnings crossing Rs. 30,420 crores constituted 21 per cent of the total agricultural exports from India which in turn was 1.2 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP) and 4.72 per cent of its Agri-GDP.

This book examines the various issues and concerns faced by Indian agriculture under the obligations of WTO and the Free Trade Agreements. While the issues discussed pertain mainly to India, the lessons can also be derived for many other similarly placed developing countries. The book delves into various aspects of Indian agricultural trade and evaluates the domestic policies and regulations of government while also looking at external factors like WTO, free trade agreements and non-tariff barriers. Chapters of this book have been contributed by eminent agricultural economists, lawyers and social scientists providing the perspective from their sector. This book highlights the challenges and opportunities for agriculture sector under the rapidly growing regional trade agreements and results of negotiations under the WTO. It also provides critical insights into the ongoing fisheries subsidies negotiations at the WTO and issues relating to non-tariff measures. The findings have broad implications for developing countries in general and India in particular. This book will greatly benefit trade negotiators, policymakers, civil society, farmer groups, researchers, students, and academics interested in issues related to the WTO, FTAs, tariff and non-tariff barriers and other allied issues concerning Indian agriculture. The techniques used in analytical part will mostly benefit the researchers as they can not only use these techniques and methodologies for their future research, but to also carry the research forward. The book is useful for many educational institutes which teach international trade, agricultural economics, and WTO and FTAs studies.

This distinctive book sets forth, on an advanced level, various methods for the quantitative measurement of important relationships at issue in areas of the balance of payments and international trade and welfare. The results achieved in recent studies are presented and the directions for new research are indicated. This book is composed of two main parts.Part I deals with the balance of payments and consists of the first half of the book. One of the longest and almost important chapters of this part talks about, at length the time-series analysis of the demand for imports and exports from the point of view of an individual country. This subject has a long and somewhat checkered history dating from the 1940's, when a number of estimates using least squares multiple regression methods were made of import and export demand functions for the interwar period. The noteworthy feature of many of these estimates was that they suggested relatively low price elasticities of demand in international trade. The implication was thus drawn that the international price mechanism could not be relied on for balance-of payments adjustment purposes.This book talks about the topics of theory and measurement of the elasticity of substitution in international trade, estimating the international capital movements, and forecasting and policy analysis with econometric models. Part II deals with international trade and welfare. While, there are many other books dealing with trade theory, this title focuses on a narrower range of topics that are not always mentioned or understood by individuals, such as the theory and measurement of trade dependence and interdependence, the analysis of the component factors a country has that affects how its export growth is over time, and the welfare effects of trade liberalizationThis book serves as a guide and reference work for economics graduate students, academicians, and practicing economists in private and governmental circles. They will find this book

Published in Cooperation with THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY Shrimp is the most important commodity, by value, in the international seafood trade. The shrimp industry has grown exponentially in the last decades, and growth is expected to continue for years to come. For future success in the shrimp industry, shrimp farmers and aquaculture scientists will find a thorough knowledge of the economics, market, and trade as important as an understanding of disease management or husbandry. Shrimp Culture: Economics, Market, and Trade brings together recent findings of researchers from around the world working in various aspects of the economics of shrimp farming. This volume covers all major aspects of the economics, trade, and markets for shrimp worldwide, with chapters written by experts from major consuming countries such as the U.S.A. and major providers such as China, Thailand and Brazil. The book has been carefully edited by PingSun Leung and Carole Engle, both well known and respected internationally for their work in this area. Shrimp Culture is an essential purchase for everyone involved in this massive industry across the globe.

This book on the fisheries sector in India, through primary surveys as well as secondary literature, brings out various nuances of the sector and its trade opportunities, the complexities surrounding the supply chain of fish, as well as the evolution of its marketing channels. A distinctive feature of this book is that it carries out a comprehensive mapping of the fisheries supply chain, by taking into account both marine and freshwater fish. It identifies various players, especially traders who take part in the product flow, irrespective of the impact each of them has on the value provided to the end customer. While members of the supply chain include all individuals or organisations between whom interaction takes place, directly or indirectly from the point of production to consumption, this study also distinguishes between primary and peripheral members to make a complex network more manageable. Moreover, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the emerging marketing channels- both organised and unorganised- in this highly perishable food segment. It provides important insights into the current scenario, focusing on the emergence of newer forms of marketing such as multinationals and e-retailing, while highlighting how traditional forms such as ‘mom-and-pop’ shops have continued to sustain, despite the challenges they face. The findings from India are also compared to global experiences of other fish producing and exporting countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Thailand to offer a comparison of the differences and similarities in the supply chains of various countries. The book provides important takeaways for researchers and PhD scholars working in the area of fisheries as well as supply chains. Since this book is based on field visits to different parts of the country it brings out the ground realities along with interesting insights and important policy implications for the sector, and should, therefore, appeal to policymakers as well.

The fish processing industry is still far from the levels of scientific and technological development that characterize other food processing oper ations. It has also been slow in finding uses for by-products and processing wastes, compared with the meat and poultry industries. The utilization of fisheries by-products or wastes constitutes an area in which the application of modern techniques could potentially improve profitability. At present, increased attention is being focused on the application of new biotechnological methods to operations related to the seafood industry, with the objective of increasing its general efficiency. Because fish processing operations are commonly carried out in the vicinity of the sea, most of the resulting fish wastes have been disposed of by returning them to it. Pollution control measures and a better understanding of the valuable composition of the products extracted from the sea are expected to encourage their recovery and the develop ment of new products from them. In the past, fisheries wastes and species not used for food have been generally utilized through techno logical processes with a low level of sophistication, such as those for the production of animal feed and fertilizer. Limited economic success has accompanied the application of physi cal and chemical processes for the recovery of non-utilized fisheries biomass and for the production of quality products from them.

"Presently, India s exports cover a wide range of traditional and non-traditional items. Although non-traditional items (gems and jewellery, readymade garments, engineering goods and chemicals) have entered into India s exports in a big way yet traditional items of exports, viz. marine products, tea, coffee, spices and coir occupy a dominant place in our export basket. This book focuses on the performance and outlook of traditional items in India s exports. The work is relevant in the context of changing pattern of world trade in the wake of new rules and regulations introduced by the World Trade Organisation (WTO)."

With reference to India.