Advances in sensing, signal processing, and computer technology during the past half century have stimulated numerous attempts to design general-purpose ma chines that see. These attempts have met with at best modest success and more typically outright failure. The difficulties encountered in building working com puter vision systems based on state-of-the-art techniques came as a surprise. Perhaps the most frustrating aspect of the problem is that machine vision sys tems cannot deal with numerous visual tasks that humans perform rapidly and effortlessly. In reaction to this perceived discrepancy in performance, various researchers (notably Marr, 1982) suggested that the design of machine-vision systems should be based on principles drawn from the study of biological systems. This "neuro morphic" or "anthropomorphic" approach has proven fruitful: the use of pyramid (multiresolution) image representation methods in image compression is one ex ample of a successful application based on principles primarily derived from the study of biological vision systems. It is still the case, however, that the perfor of computer vision systems falls far short of that of the natural systems mance they are intended to mimic, suggesting that it is time to look even more closely at the remaining differences between artificial and biological vision systems.

The Third Edition of Understanding and Managing Vision Deficits is the go-to resource that will enable occupational therapists to develop a comprehensive understanding of vision, appreciate the various effects vision problems can have on the practice of occupational therapy, and to more effectively manage patients with vision disorders. Understanding and Managing Vision Deficits: A Guide for Occupational Therapists, Third Editionis a unique collaboration from occupational therapists, optometrists, and low vision rehabilitation specialists. Dr. Mitchell Scheiman presents a unique Three Component Model of Vision that includes: Visual integrity: Includes visual acuity (clarity), the optics of the eye, and eye health Visual efficiency skills: Includes focusing, eye teaming, and eye movements Visual information processing skills: Includes the ability to analyze, interpret and respond to visual information A major emphasis of the new edition is on management of eye movement, visual information processing, visual field, and low vision problems. Therapy suggestions have been expanded and the use of computer software has been incorporated into the therapy. Some Additional Chapter Topics Include: Visual problems associated with learning disorders Visual problems associated with acquired brain injury Management of vision problems for children with special needs Low vision Features of the Third Edition: Updated figures, research, and references Incorporates current American Occupational Therapy Association Practice Framework Glossary of key terms Appendices that include a vision screening report form and low vision supplies and equipment Understanding and Managing Vision Deficits: A Guide for Occupational Therapists, Third Edition will continue to bring the professions of occupational therapy and optometry together and will guide health care professionals to provide the ultimate in patient care.

Traditionally, say 15 years ago, three-dimensional image analysis (aka computer vi sion) and three-dimensional image synthesis (aka computer graphics) were separate fields. Rarely were expert

The book analyses the differences between the mathematical interpretation and the phenomenological intuition of the continuum. The basic idea is that the continuity of the experience of space and time originates in phenomenic movement. The problem of consciousness and of the spaces of representation is related to the primary processes of perception. Conceived as an interplay between cognitive science, linguistics and philosophy, the book presents a conceptual framework based on a dynamic and experimental approach to the problem of the continuum. Besides presenting the primitives of a theory of cognitive space and time, it presents a theory of the observer, analyzing the relationship among perspective, points of view and unity of consciousness. The book's chapters deal with the dynamic elaboration and recognition of forms from the lower to the higher processes in the various perceptual fields. Experimental analysis from visual, auditory and tactile perception outline the basic structures of intentionality and its counterpart in language and gesture. (Series B)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Visual Informatics, IVIC 2017, held in Bangi, Malaysia, in November 2017. The keynote and 72 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 130 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topics: Visualization and Data Driven Technology; Engineering and Data Driven Innovation; Data Driven Societal Well-being and Applications; and Data Driven Cyber Security.

This work proposes a novel view to explain how we as humans can have the impression of consciously feeling things: for example the red of a sunset, the smell of a rose, the sound of a symphony, or a pain.

It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.

CD-ROM files contain complete text of all three print vols., as well as hyperlinks to figures, tables, etc. and between the index and the text. Also included are hyperlinks to movies, interactive 3-D models, demonstration software and other materials not contained in the print version.

In this groundbreaking new volume, computer researchers discuss the development of technologies and specific systems that can interpret data with respect to domain knowledge. Although the chapters each illuminate different aspects of image interpretation, all utilize a common approach - one that asserts such interpretation must involve perceptual learning in terms of automated knowledge acquisition and application, as well as feedback and consistency checks between encoding, feature extraction, and the known knowledge structures in a given application domain. The text is profusely illustrated with numerous figures and tables to reinforce the concepts discussed.

Eye movement research from a range of disciplines is presented in this book. Contributions from all over the world examine theoretical and applied aspects of eye movements, including classical biocybernetic models, physiology, pathology, ocular exploration, reading, ergonomics/human factors, and microcomputer calibration techniques.