The clearest and most up-to-date account of the achievements—and setbacks—of the European Union since 1945. Europe has been transformed since the Second World War. No longer a checkerboard of entirely sovereign states, the continent has become the largest single-market area in the world, with most of its members ceding certain economic and political powers to the central government of the European Union. This shift is the product of world-historical change, but the process is not well understood. The changes came in fits and starts. There was no single blueprint for reform; rather, the EU is the result of endless political turmoil and dazzling bureaucratic gymnastics. As Brexit demonstrates, there are occasional steps backward, too. Cutting through the complexity, Richard Pomfret presents a uniquely clear and comprehensive analysis of an incredible achievement in economic cooperation. The Economic Integration of Europe follows all the major steps in the creation of the single market since the postwar establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community. Pomfret identifies four stages of development: the creation of a customs union, the deepening of economic union with the Single Market, the years of monetary union and eastward expansion, and, finally, problems of consolidation. Throughout, he details the economic benefits, costs, and controversies associated with each step in the evolution of the EU. What lies ahead? Pomfret concludes that, for all its problems, Europe has grown more prosperous from integration and is likely to increase its power on the global stage.

The shape of the world economy is changing. Globalisation and regionalism have led to the development of powerful but interdependent economic blocs. Much economic potential has shifted from the Atlantic to the Pacific area. In view of this The European Economy argues that economists need a broader, worldwide base of information if these processes and their effect on Europe are to be fully understood. Topics discussed include: * Europe's experience of the growing trend of regionalism * the single market * plans for economic union * EU enlargement * Europe's triad rivals * EU external trade and trade relations * technology and innovation * environmental issues This fresh approach highlights the issues which will challenge European countries into the twenty-first century.

ÔThe emergence of the BRICs and of China in particular has played an important if underappreciated role to the competitive difficulties of Greece, Portugal and other Southern European countries. The contributors to this volume warn that similar challenges now confront the economies of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, many of which compete head to head with China in international markets. More reassuringly, the authors also specify an agenda for structural adjustment, product upgrading and deeper integration with Western Europe that offers hope for meeting the China challenge.Õ Ð Barry Eichengreen, University of California, Berkeley, US This important book discusses European integration in a global economic setting, investigating the impact of China and Russia as emerging global players in the catching-up process in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The expert contributors focus on global imbalances and accompanying policy challenges, competitiveness and trade, the sustainability of current growth strategies, and banking and financial stability in the light of the global economic and financial crisis. They provide a multi-disciplinary assessment, combining the views of high-ranking central bankers, policymakers, commercial bankers and academics, and demonstrate that a broad view of European economic integration is crucial given that spillovers and contagion were major issues of the recent economic crisis. This book will prove an illuminating read for academics, researchers, students and policymakers with an interest in international economics, money, finance and banking and European studies.

World politics has been surprised recently by two sudden developments. The first took place around the beginning of 2007, when the question of global warming rose abruptly to the top of the agenda, after having been a factor in the background. The second occurred in the autumn of 2008, when the rules for a global economy started inspiring great anxiety, after having been regarded as a source of stability. These two shifts took place independently, but their consequences will require common management. The regulatory structure underlying the world’s economic, legal, and political systems needs to be revised. This presents the EU with the greatest challenge it has ever faced. The point is that this global challenge comes on top of the pr- lems already posed by markets, welfare states, security, energy, and movements of population. The additional challenge is furthermore of such a kind that a deeper discussion of the very structure of the Union is difficult to avoid.

Hans-Jtlrgen Vosgerau The world economy has been subjected to extreme changes during the last three years. These changes affect not only trade flows, financial transfers and movements of people, but also the institutional framework. The ongoing process of European integration has to be viewed in this global context, and that is what the present volume tries to do for six important problem areas, viz. the field of Money, Currency and International Stabilization; Federal Tax Systems and the European Community; the area of International Factor Mobility; the International Debt Problem; the Econometrics of Internation~ Trade; and aspects of International Political Economy. In each chapter an effort is made to direct attention to the connections between international economic transactions of various kinds and the political and legal institutions which constitute the organizational framework. The 26 contributions are revised versions of papers originally presented at the Second Konstanz Symposium on International Economics and Institutions which was organized by the Long-term Research Programme (Sonderfor schungsbereich) "Internationalization of the Economy" on October 1 and 2, 1990. The majority of contributions are reports on research conducted in the Sonderforschungsbereich during the preceding years, and in most cases supple mented by comments from invited guests. In addition there are some important papers contributed by colleagues from outside, most of whom have close co operative relations with members of the Sonderforschungsbereich.

This book considers the issue of regional exposure to external economic events, exploring the role of trade in the performance of American states. It focuses on the case of trade with the European Community, analyzing the potential impacts of its integration on trade with individual states. .

The European Union is the world's largest economic entity, with half a billion people and a gross domestic product slightly larger than the United States. It is the largest exporter, the largest foreign aid donor, the largest source of foreign investment, and a magnet for migrants. But its decision-making powers are often fragmented and ineffective. To date there has been no comprehensive study of European international economic relations. This book fills that gap. It examines the main areas of Europe's foreign economic policy: trade, development, external competition policy, migration, and external energy/environment policy. This book explains why it is time for the EU to wake up to its global responsibilities, and why, in the absence of reform of its governance system, Europe risks remaining a fragmented power.

This book explores the links between European integration and globalisation, and examines the potential for social transformation in the context of the global economic crisis and the resulting EU reforms. Divided into three parts, this book offers both empirical and theoretical analyses of social integration, supranationality and global competition. Drawing on Critical Political Economy research, Neo-Gramscian, Open Marxist, Regulationist and Post-structuralist scholars subject a wide range of European flagship policies in matters of competition, trade and security to critical scrutiny and relate them to global political economy dynamics. Contributors examine the ways in which current global economic turbulence has affected the European Union, its membership and its adjacent areas, and determine the potential for economic and political transformation in light of the global economic crisis and Europe's 2020 Strategy. In the emerging multi-polar world, in which the EU and the US are expected to share global policymaking with new powers, this book argues for a revised conceptualisation of European integration and its relationship with globalisation. Globalisation and European Integration will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers of globalisation, political economy, international relations, and European Union politics.

World politics has been surprised recently by two sudden developments. The first took place around the beginning of 2007, when the question of global warming rose abruptly to the top of the agenda, after having been a factor in the background. The second occurred in the autumn of 2008, when the rules for a global economy started inspiring great anxiety, after having been regarded as a source of stability. These two shifts took place independently, but their consequences will require common management. The regulatory structure underlying the world’s economic, legal, and political systems needs to be revised. This presents the EU with the greatest challenge it has ever faced. The point is that this global challenge comes on top of the pr- lems already posed by markets, welfare states, security, energy, and movements of population. The additional challenge is furthermore of such a kind that a deeper discussion of the very structure of the Union is difficult to avoid.

The book brings together an international panel of experts on economic integration and international business to address the essential link between the two fields, namely the impact of integration processes on the business environment. Focusing on the European Union, it presents numerous examples and case studies to demonstrate how local business is becoming international business, and addresses the opportunities, constraints and overall historical changes. Starting with the regional and global economic integration framework, and subsequently exploring the institutional structure that makes everything possible and how the union came to be, the book reveals how the common policies of the EU impact businesses and entrepreneurship within both the common market and the member states. Readers will learn about the economic and political context that affect businesses in Europe; understand the basic concepts of integration, accompanied by cases and examples; gain a new perspective on important EU sectoral policies and challenges for individuals and businesses; become aware of the main challenges to EU enlargement; and better grasp the advantages and disadvantages of doing business in Europe in the present context.