This book presents a complete overview of COVID-19 and provides a series of in-depth analyses of the literature and a comprehensive discussion and perspectives on promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents based on the system of ethnopharmacology, which covers Chinese medicine, traditional medicines of India and Africa, Turkish folk medicine, essential oils, and some well-known medicinal plants. In this book, the current status of therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 was summarized and a perspective of potential options for the future was proposed. Based on ethnopharmacology, some well-established traditional herbal formulations and bioactive compounds with anti-virus activity were repurposed for managing COVID-19 and post-illness, including neurological disorders and kidney illness. Using drug discovery tools, promising immune enhancers were explored from phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2. Nutraceuticals from dietary plants, spices, and fruits with anti-virus and antioxidant activities were recommended to prevent infection or severe illness caused by emerging variants. With the aid of systems pharmacology, researchers have gained insights into possible molecular mechanisms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and have predicted a range of candidate compounds from medicinal plants to combat COVID-19. This book explores the current knowledge of drug discovery and ethnopharmacology for managing coronavirus diseases. The content proved the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from natural products and traditional herbal medicines. It contributes to the management of global public health and fits the goal of establishing “Good Health and Well-Being,” which is one of “The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030".

SARS is a newly identified human infection caused by a corona virus unlike any other known human or animal virus in its family. The analysis of epidemiological information obtained from the sites of the outbreaks of SARS is still underway but the overall case fatality ratio is known to approach 11% although the rate among the elderly is much higher. Currently the major challenges for the treatment of SARS are: the source of the SARS virus and mode of transmission are still not well understood; there are problems with diagnostic tools; there is no effective treatment; and there is no vaccine for SARS. The above-mentioned difficulties and challenges have motivated national authorities health workers and scientists to explore the potential of complementary treatment. The results of research on integrated treatment with TCM and Western medicine showed that it is safe and that it also has some potential clinical benefits. Therefore the experts suggested that records of such experience could serve as reference material for treatment of SARS in the future. This publication is intended to share experience in the complementary treatment of SARS patients; share the experience of clinical studies in the field of traditional medicine for treatment of SARS between the physicians and researchers; and to further encourage and promote the quality of research in the filed of traditional medicine.

Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 explores promising ways to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID conditions. The management plans are based on anti-virus activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and diverse health benefits of traditional and herbal medicines through a comprehensive summarization of scientific literature by experts in the field. It presents views of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants and pathogenesis, and it proposes renewed strategies of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies. Features Provides an in-depth analysis to illustrate the impact of traditional and herbal medicines on crucial protein targets responsible for the progress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms. Presents knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Explores strategies to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID by applying traditional herbal medicines. Illustrates molecular aspects of anti-coronavirus activity from traditional herbal medicines. Features information on molecular mechanisms of target proteins involving COVID-19 infection and symptoms. Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 serves as an ideal reference for researchers and experts in the fields of virology, epidemiology, drug discovery, and traditional herbal medicine. This book aligns with supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 by the United Nations to establish “Good Health and Well-Being.”

In the past years, COVID-19 caused millions of deaths and severely damaged not only public health, but also the global economy. New variants continue to threaten human health. Thus, natural compounds for retarding infection are in high demand. This book summarizes the emerging research with flavonoids, whose application holds great promise of antivirus, anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, and immunomodulatory. Topics include the role of flavonoids in preventing an inflammatory storm and how flavonoids interact with critical protein targets that are involved in the infection stages of COVID-19. Key Features • Highlights anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery on natural products and medicinal plants • Includes all major subclasses of flavonoids that promisingly combat COVID-19 • Proposes molecular mechanisms of flavonoids against protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 • Contributions from an international team of leading researchers • Provides recommendations with respect to the future research

"Alkaloids" is intended for by chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacy, and other medical students, biologists, chemists, biochemists, and other professionals involved in the field of alkaloids. All chapters in this book are written by professionals in the areas of alkaloid chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and other interesting applications. The chapters cover interesting and less obvious information about different groups of alkaloids.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world in an unprecedented way, and this book provides an overview of the historical facts as well as ongoing approaches to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Experts of the respective domains provide details on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug strategies, including repurposing drugs used for other indications and the development of novel drugs looking at different approaches to target virus entry and replication. COVID-19 vaccine development based on inactivated and attenuated live virus, protein subunit and peptide-based vaccines and utilization of vaccine candidates based on viral vectors, DNA and RNA are presented for both preclinical studies and clinical trials. Key Features Explains the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the current progress in the development of treatments and prevention of COVID-19 including future aspects of dealing with the pandemic Serves as a timely repository of knowledge on COVID-19 for researchers and medical professionals engaged in its management

This book summarizes state-of-the-art antiviral drug design and discovery approaches starting from natural products to de novo design, and provides a timely update on recently approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Special attention is paid to viral infections with a high impact on the world population or highly relevant from the public health perspective (HIV, hepatitis C, influenza virus, etc.). In these chapters, limitations associated with adverse effects and emergence of drug resistance are discussed in detail. In addition to classical antiviral strategies, chapters will be dedicated to discuss the non-classical drug development strategies to block viral infection, for instance, allosteric inhibitors, covalent antiviral agents, or antiviral compounds targeting protein–protein interactions. Finally, current prospects for producing broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors will be also addressed. The book is distinctive in providing the most recent update in the rapidly evolving field of antiviral therapeutics. Authoritative reviews are written by international scientists well known for their contributions in their topics of research, which makes this book suitable for researchers not only within the antiviral research community but also attractive to a broad audience in the drug discovery field. This book covers molecular structures and biochemical mechanisms mediating the antiviral effects, while discussing various ligand design strategies, which include traditional medicinal chemistry, computational chemistry, and chemical biology approaches. The book provides a comprehensive review of antiviral drug discovery and development approaches, particularly focusing on current innovations and future trends.

Drawing on indigenous and scientific knowledge of medicinal plants, Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System presents the protective and therapeutic potential of plant-based drinks, supplements, nutraceuticals, synergy food, superfoods, and other products. Medicinal plants and their products can affect the immune system and act as immunomodulators. Medicinal plants are popularly used in folk medicine to accelerate the human immune defence and improve body reactions against infectious or exogenous injuries, as well as to suppress the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. This book explains how medicinal plants can act as a source of vitamins and improve body functions such as enhanced oxygen circulation, maintained blood pressure and improved mood. It also outlines how specific properties of certain plants can help boost the immune system of humans with cancer, HIV, and COVID-19. Key features: Provides specific information on how to accelerate and or fortify the human immune system by using medicinal plants. Presents scientific understanding of herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees and their potential uses in conventional and herbal medicine systems. Discusses the specific role of herbal plants that act as antiviral and antibacterial agents and offer boosted immunity for cancer, H1N1 virus, relieving swine flu, HIV and COVID-19 patients. Part of the Exploring Medicinal Plants series, this book is useful for researchers and students, as well as policy makers and people working in industry, who have an interest in plant-derived medications.