Equality Of Opportunity
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Author |
: John E. Roemer |
Publisher |
: Harvard University Press |
Total Pages |
: 130 |
Release |
: 2009-07-01 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780674042872 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0674042875 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (72 Downloads) |
Synopsis Equality of Opportunity by : John E. Roemer
John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held today. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant to the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant potential attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. Roemer argues that there is consequently a "before" and an "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" from "after." Roemer works out in a precise way how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.
Author |
: Matt Cavanagh |
Publisher |
: Clarendon Press |
Total Pages |
: 234 |
Release |
: 2002-02-14 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780191584046 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0191584045 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (46 Downloads) |
Synopsis Against Equality of Opportunity by : Matt Cavanagh
Against Equality of Opportunity deals with the ways in which opportunities - education, jobs and other things which affect how people get on in life - are distributed. Take jobs: should the best person always get the job? Or should everyone be given an equal 'life chance'? Or can we somehow combine these two ideas, saying that the best person should always get the job, but that everyone should have an equal chance to become the best? These seem to be the standard views, but this book argues that they are all flawed. We need to understand meritocracy for what it is - a technical rather than a moral ideal; and we need to accept that equality just isn't something we should be striving for at all in this area. We also need to rethink our approach to the related issue of discrimination. We tend to assume discrimination is wrong because it violates either meritocracy or equality, when in fact it is wrong for quite different reasons. In all these areas, then, Cavanagh aims to loosen the grip of established ways of thinking, in order that other ideas might find room to breathe. This is particularly important in the case of meritocracy, which after the recent conversion of the centre-left now dominates the debate more than ever. This book will be of interest to students and teachers of political philosophy, but ultimately it is aimed at anyone who cares about the fundamental values that lie behind the way society is organized. Though the argument is rigorous, it does not require a professional philosophical training to follow it.
Author |
: Paul Gomberg |
Publisher |
: John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages |
: 192 |
Release |
: 2008-04-15 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780470691625 |
ISBN-13 |
: 047069162X |
Rating |
: 4/5 (25 Downloads) |
Synopsis How to Make Opportunity Equal by : Paul Gomberg
This critical examination of racial equality takes a new approach to breaking down racial barriers by proposing a system of equal opportunity through shared labor and contributive justice. Focuses on how race and class inevitably structure vastly unequal life prospects Shows how human society can be organized in a way that does not socialize children for lives of routine labour Looks towards contribution, not distribution, as a way to promote racial equality Argues that by sharing routine and complex labor, social relationships would be transformed, eliminating competition for limited opportunities to develop and contribute abilities A discussion board for ideas and comments relating to the book can be found at: http://howtomakeopportunityequal.blogspot.com/
Author |
: Joseph Fishkin |
Publisher |
: Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages |
: 290 |
Release |
: 2014 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780199812141 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0199812144 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (41 Downloads) |
Synopsis Bottlenecks by : Joseph Fishkin
Bottlenecks introduces a powerful new way of understanding equal opportunity. Rather than literal equalization, Joseph Fishkin argues that Americans ought to aim to broaden the range of opportunities open to people, at every stage in life, to pursue different paths. This approach has significant implications for public policy and antidiscrimination law.
Author |
: Jon Mandle |
Publisher |
: Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages |
: 1112 |
Release |
: 2014-12-11 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781316193983 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1316193985 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (83 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Cambridge Rawls Lexicon by : Jon Mandle
John Rawls is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, and his work has permanently shaped the nature and terms of moral and political philosophy, deploying a robust and specialized vocabulary that reaches beyond philosophy to political science, economics, sociology, and law. This volume is a complete and accessible guide to Rawls' vocabulary, with over 200 alphabetical encyclopaedic entries written by the world's leading Rawls scholars. From 'basic structure' to 'burdened society', from 'Sidgwick' to 'strains of commitment', and from 'Nash point' to 'natural duties', the volume covers the entirety of Rawls' central ideas and terminology, with illuminating detail and careful cross-referencing. It will be an essential resource for students and scholars of Rawls, as well as for other readers in political philosophy, ethics, political science, sociology, international relations and law.
Author |
: Francois Maniquet |
Publisher |
: World Scientific |
Total Pages |
: 334 |
Release |
: 2012-03-14 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9789813236950 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9813236957 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (50 Downloads) |
Synopsis Equality Of Opportunity: The Economics Of Responsibility by : Francois Maniquet
Foreword by Eric Maskin (Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2007)This book is a collection of articles written by the two authors on the topic of equality of opportunity. All articles build on the idea that a just society should equalize the resources that determine the opportunities agents face in order to follow their goals. Resources are either external, like financial resources, or internal, like preferences or skills. The authors propose to define “equality of opportunity” as the combination of ethical principles of compensation and responsibility. The principle of compensation requires external resources to be used to compensate low-skilled agents (considering that inequalities due to skill differences are unjust). The principle of responsibility requires external resources to be allocated without regards to inequalities due to differences in preferences (considering that these inequalities are not unjust). The articles present different ways of combining the two principles in different economic contexts.The book offers many possible aspects of the analysis of equality of opportunity, ranging from axiomatic discussions in abstract compensation models, to the design of redistribution policies in concrete labor income taxation models.
Author |
: Lesley A. Jacobs |
Publisher |
: Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages |
: 300 |
Release |
: 2004 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0521530210 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780521530217 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (10 Downloads) |
Synopsis Pursuing Equal Opportunities by : Lesley A. Jacobs
This book offers original and innovative contributions to the debate about equality of opportunity. The first part sets out a theory of equality of opportunity that presents equal opportunities as a normative device for the regulation of competition for scarce resources. The second part shifts the focus to the consideration of the practical application by courts or legislatures or public policy makers of policies for addressing racial, class or gender injustices. The author examines standardized tests, affirmative action, workfare, universal health-care, comparable worth, and the economic consequences of divorce.
Author |
: Fred A. Lazin |
Publisher |
: Lexington Books |
Total Pages |
: 368 |
Release |
: 2012-07-10 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780739146712 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0739146718 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (12 Downloads) |
Synopsis Higher Education and Equality of Opportunity by : Fred A. Lazin
The movement to broaden access to public universities, the dominant strategy during the 1970s and 1980s, has largely shifted to enable the marketplace, rather than the government, to shape the contours of higher education. Government funding is being reduced, affirmative action and other programs designed to insure broader access are in decline and personal fulfillment is replacing a public good designed to insure greater equality of opportunities. This book explores the impact of diminishing government resources and expanding market forces in developing and developed countries to either foster or lessen equality of opportunities in higher education for different racial, ethnic, religious and gender groupings. What are the consequences of a market-driven higher education for student access, teaching and scholarship? Through case studies, this book explores issues such as access of minority groups within the larger societies, the place of foreign students in a national system, and access for students with mental health difficulties, and evaluates the success of funding schemes designed to expand opportunities and access. The research provides an interesting contrast of the diversity and uniqueness of higher education in the United States, France, Australia, India, Israel, South Korea, The Netherlands, Ghana and several other countries, while at the same time revealing surprising commonalities. These studies reveal world-wide trends in higher education including a cutback in government financing, a decline in access, and a receding of affirmative action. This book is an important addition to the literature on higher education during the age of globalization and the decline of government funding of higher education. The studies provide important data about the current situation in higher education in countries around the world.
Author |
: Dennis E. Mithaug |
Publisher |
: SAGE |
Total Pages |
: 285 |
Release |
: 1996-05-21 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780761902621 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0761902627 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (21 Downloads) |
Synopsis Equal Opportunity Theory by : Dennis E. Mithaug
Equal Opportunity Theory is a clear and comprehensive examination of the idea of self-determination: both the right to self-determination as well as its expression in our society. Author Dennis E. Mithaug examines society's collective responsibility for assuring fair prospects of self-determination for all people. This inclusive volume also describes how social policies derived from the theory of equal opportunity actually impact those with the least likely prospects for self-determination throughout their lives - the poor, the disabled, and people of color.
Author |
: Adam Swift |
Publisher |
: Psychology Press |
Total Pages |
: 216 |
Release |
: 2003 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0415311160 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780415311168 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (60 Downloads) |
Synopsis How Not to be a Hypocrite by : Adam Swift
Can parents send their children to private schools and still live up to their ideals? Can you be a good citizen and a good parent? These difficult questions, and many more, are raised and answered in this insightful and thought-provoking book.