The analysis of radionuclides in the environment became extremely important after the accident at Chernobyl in1986. The accident made scientists aware that accurate methods of radionuclide analyses are essential in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. Methods are still being developed today because of the ongoing requirement to monitor environmental radioactivity and, to assess the radionuclide waste inventory for the recently proposed intermediate radioactive waste repository. This book brings together current developments in radioactive analyses. Environmenta.

Anthropogenic radionuclides have been introduced into the environment by incidents such as nuclear weapon tests, accidents in nuclear power plants, transport accidents and accidental or authorised discharges from nuclear facilities. Scientists need accurate analysis of these radionuclides in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. This book is a snapshot of the work of leading scientists from across the globe on environmental radiochemistry and radioecology, nuclear forensics and radiation detection, radioanalytical techniques and nuclear industry applications. The research contributions were first presented at the 13th International Symposium on Nuclear and Environmental Radiochemical Analysis in September 2018. This essential work provides a key reference for graduates and professionals who work across fields involving analytical chemistry, radiochemistry, environmental science and technology, and waste disposal.

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II brings together comprehensive, up-to-date information from international experts in the field. Coverage includes information on new methods of radionuclide analyses, developments and improvements in existing methods, method comparisons, gamma detector performance and new software products, method uncertainty, underground laboratory facilities, method QA and QC, field studies covering colloid work, in-situ injection into rock strata and sampling of reduced waters for actinide assay. This stimulating, authoritative text makes essential reading for practising radioanalysts and provides valuable information for researchers and professionals in academia and industry.

Development of an In-Vitro Procedure to Measure the Availability of Soil-Associated Radionuclides for Uptake After Inadvertent Ingestion by Humans; Separation of Iron-55/59 From Fisson and Activation Products Using Di Isobutylketone-Based Extraction Chromatographic Materials; Synthesis of a Novel Ion Exchanger, Zirconium Vanadate, For Immobilising 134,137 Cs Radionuclides; Investigation of a Method for Measuring Radon in Irish Domestic Groundwater Supplies; A comparison of Three Methodologies for the Determination of Gross Alpha Activity in Water Samples; Efficiency and Resolution of Germanium Detectors as a Function of Energy and Incident Geometry; New Method for Determination of Translutonium Isotopes by Using a PM-143 Tracer; Ultra Low-Background Gamma Spectrometry for the Monitoring of Environmental Neutrons; Estimation of Uncertainty in Radiochemical Analysis from Sub-Sampling Solid Matrices; A Rapid Determination of RA-226 and RA-224 Using Extraction Chromatograph; Construction of an Uncertainty Budget for Alpha Spectrometry: A Case Study (The Determination of Uranium Isotopic Activity Levels in Vegetation Samples Using Extraction Chromatography); Spatial and Temporal Variation of Tritium Activities in Coastal Marine Sediments of the Severn Estuary (UK); High Precision PU Isotope Ratio Measurements Using Multi-Collector ICP-MS; Measurement of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Activity in Sediment: An Analysts' Intercomparison; The Radiological Significance of Foods Collected from the Wild; Natural Radionuclides Measurements in Drinking Water by Liquid Scintillation Counting. Methods and Results; Po Concentrations in UK Seafood; A Study of Colloids in the Near-Field Waters at the Low-Level Waste Repository Site at Drigg; Low Level Liquid Scintillation Counting in a Deep Underground Laboratory: Background Reduction Aspects; Complete Dissolution of Soil Samples by Fusion; LSC: From the Routine Counter to the Real Spectrometer; Simultaneous Determination of Long-Lived Radionuclides in Environmental Samples; Analysis of Am, Pu and Th in Large Volume Water Samples in the Presence of High Concentrations of Iron; In-Situ Radionuclide Retardation in Groundwater Conducting Systems - Overview of the Research Carried out at Nagra's Grimsel Test Site, Central Switzerland; Elution Behaviour of Technetium and Rehenium Through a Tc-Selective Chromatographic Resin Column; The Use of Fucus Vesiculosus to Monitor the Transport of 1291 in The English Channel; Determination of 237 Np by Neutron Activation Analysis and Alpha Sepctrometry; Man-Made Radionuclides in Age-Dated Sediment Cores from the Black Sea; Determination of Plutonium in the Air by Isotopic Dilution ICP-MS After TNOA Extraction Chromatographic Separation; Simple Method for C-14 Analysis in Organic Material and its Distribution in Forest and Cultivated Field; F-Labelling of Humic Substances; Chemicals and Radiological Characterisation of Santos Estuary Sediments; Thermochromatographic Studies on the Separation of Plutonium from Soil Samples; Partitioning of Plutonium Isotopes in Lake Bottom Sediments; Radioanalytical Method for the Determination of Sr In Soil Samples by Yttrium Solvent Extraction and Cerenkov Counting; Investigation of Inorganic Contaminants in Packaging Made From Recycled Paper and Board; Equilibrium Factor F and Effective Dose Equivalent with Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors; Biological Monitoring of Radioactivity and Metal Pollution in Edible Eggs of Liometopum apiculatum (Ants) From a Radioactive Waste Site in Central Mexico; Preparation of Environmental Samples for Radioanalytical Assay: An Overview; Comparative Investigations on Hydrophilicity and Mobility of Humic Substances Using Radiolabelling Techniques; Determination of Gross Alpha in Drinking Water and Nuclear Waste Water Using Actinide Resinâ⢠and LSC; Chromium Speciation in Acidic Solutions Using Radiochromtographic Methods; Influence of Geochemical Paramete

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text. - Includes sample preparation techniques for matrices such as soil, air, plant, water, animal tissue, and surface swipes - Provides procedures and guidelines for the analysis of commonly encountered na

The aim of this book is to give an account of the principal radiochemical methods used in chemical analysis. It is assumed that the reader already has some background knowledge of radioactivity, available from several general textbooks. For this reason some subjects, e. g. the fundamentals of radio activity, the properties of radiation, statistics of counting procedures, the precautions needed in working with radioactive materials, which could have occupied half the text, are not considered in detail. The different aspects of radiochemical analysis have been covered by specialized books and reviews, e. g. on activation analysis, gamma spectrometry, radiometric titrations. A good deal of information is in the form of reports of meetings and symposia and liquid scintillation counting, for instance, has been mainly covered in this way. There are also a large number of journals. It is therefore hoped that this book will help fill the gap between the introductory texts and the specialized sources, many of which are referred to in the chapter references. The ftrst three chapters in the present volume deal with the methods of measurement of radioactive nuclides. Chapter I gives a general account of detection and measurement techniques. The next two chapters are devoted to two specialized techniques: gamma-ray spectrometry and liquid scintilla tion counting.

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, constitute an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes.Users will find the latest advances in the applications of radioactivity analysis across various fields, including environmental monitoring, radiochemical standardization, high-resolution beta imaging, automated radiochemical separation, nuclear forensics, and more. - Spans two volumes, Radiation Physics and Detectors and Radioanalytical Applications - Includes a new chapter on the analysis of environmental radionuclides - Provides the latest advances in the applications of liquid and solid scintillation analysis, alpha- and gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometric analysis, Cherenkov counting, flow-cell radionuclide analysis, radionuclide standardization, aerosol analysis, high-resolution beta imaging techniques, analytical techniques in nuclear forensics, and nuclear safeguards - Describes the timesaving techniques of computer-controlled automatic separation and activity analysis of radionuclides - Provides an extensive table of the radiation characteristics of most radionuclides of interest for the radioanalytical chemist

Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.

Uniquely combining the three areas of radiochemistry, the environment and analysis, this book contains the latest and most important research in this area.