This book is a unique report on the frontiers of subnuclear physics presented by world specialists in a clear, rigorous and simple way.The problem of the physical vacuum is presented in the opening lecture by T D Lee and the effective string-theoretical approach to cosmological vacua by G Veneziano. Effective theoretical approaches to light and heavy quark physics are presented by H Leutwyler and M Neubert. V N Gribov discusses the quark confinement and N Seiberg the problem of finding the effective actions in supersymmetric theories. A detailed analysis confronting electroweak theory with the high precision experimental data is presented by D Schildknecht. The great specialist in membrane theory, M Duff, presents the latest results of the 11-dimensional approach, while the finite temperature effective theories are discussed by M Shaposhnikov. The unification and the physics beyond the standard model constitute the content of the lectures by R Barbieri and D Nanopoulos. The experimental data from LEP and Hera are presented by M Pohl and G Wolf. N F Ramsey, the world specialist in the field, discusses how to explore the universe with atomic clocks. An elusive Z' is the subject of a specialised seminar by P Frampton.This volume contains the reports presented by a selected group of “new talents” on various topics in the field of subnuclear physics.

The main focus of this year's Proceedings of the 53rd Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics is the future of physics, including the new frontiers in other fields.

From August 29 to September 7, 2006, a large group of distinguished lecturers and young physicists coming from various countries around the world met in Erice, Italy, at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture (EMFCSC) for the 44th course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics: OC The Logic of Nature, Complexity and New Physics: From Quark-Gluon Plasma to Superstrings, Quantum Gravity and BeyondOCO.This book is a collection of lectures given during the course, covering the most recent advances in theoretical physics and the latest results from current experimental facilities. Following one of the aims of the School, which is to encourage and promote young physicists to achieve recognition at an international level, the students who have distinguished themselves for their excellence in research have been given the opportunity to publish their presentations in this volume.

From August 29 to September 7, 2006, a large group of distinguished lecturers and young physicists coming from various countries around the world met in Erice, Italy, at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture (EMFCSC) for the 44th course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics: “The Logic of Nature, Complexity and New Physics: From Quark-Gluon Plasma to Superstrings, Quantum Gravity and Beyond”.This book is a collection of lectures given during the course, covering the most recent advances in theoretical physics and the latest results from current experimental facilities. Following one of the aims of the School, which is to encourage and promote young physicists to achieve recognition at an international level, the students who have distinguished themselves for their excellence in research have been given the opportunity to publish their presentations in this volume.

UNDER THE SPELL OF THE GAUGE PRINCIPLE — by G 't HooftThe University of Bologna and its Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics and the Italian Physical Society, celebrated in 1998 the bicentenary of a great pioneer in the field of electric phenomena — Luigi Galvani, the father of macroelectricity. During these two centuries, the physics of electric phenomena has given rise first to the Maxwell equations, then to quantum electrodynamics, and finally to the synthesis of all reproducible phenomena, the “Standard Model”. A cornerstone of the Standard Model is quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which describes the interaction between quarks and gluons in the innermost part of the structure of matter.The discovery of QCD will be recalled in the future as one of the greatest achievements of mankind. Many physicists, the world over, have contributed to its creation on both the experimental and the theoretical front. Professor Antonino Zichichi has played an important role in this scientific venture, as documented by his works which are reproduced in this invaluable volume.One of the founders of European physics, Professor Victor F Weisskopf, contributes with his memories of the time when QCD had many problems. This volume owes its existence to a founding father of QCD, Professor Vladimir N Gribov, whose sudden demise prevented him from directly contributing to its final edition. Two world leaders in subnuclear theoretical physics, Professors Gerardus 't Hooft and Gabriele Veneziano, illustrate the significance of the contributions of Antonino Zichichi in QCD.

Contents:Hot Theoretical Topics:Testing Strings at the LHC (I Antoniadis)Entropy Bounds and the Holographic Principle (R Bousso)Quantum Gravity Needs Supersymmetry (S Ferrara and A Marani)Composite Weak Bosons, Leptons and Quarks (H Fritzsch)The Negative β Function: From the Standard Model to Quantum Gravity (G 't Hooft)Effective Actions for High Energy Processes in QCD and in Quantum Gravity (L N Lipatov)Infrared Instability in QCD (P Minkowsky)Notes on Strings and Higher Spins (A Sagnotti)Seminars on Specialized Topics:The Mystery of Neutrino Mixings (G Altarelli)The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Experiment, in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the Erice School (S C C Ting)The QGCW Project — Technological Challenges to Study the New World (H Wenninger)Highlights from Laboratories:Start Up and First LHC Results (S Bertolucci)From the Discovery of Top to the Higgs Boson Search at Fermilab (D Denisov)Highlights from ALICE (P Giubellino)Highlights from BNL-RHIC (M J Tannenbaum)Highlights from GRAN SASSO (L Votano)Special Sessions for New Talents:On Combinatorial Expansion of the Conformal Blocks Arising from AGT Conjecture (V A Alba)Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter (N E Bomark)Cosmological Constant and Casimir Effect (P Burda)Higher Spins in D=2+1 (A Campoleoni)Gluons for (Almost) Nothing, Gravitons for Free (J J M Carrasco)CP Violation in Charm: A New Method (G Inguglia)Mechanical Resonances in the Read-Out Chambers of the ALICE TPC (M Mager)First Observation of Positronium Hyperfine Splitting Transition — Particle Physics at a Frequency Frontier (A Miyazaki)New Results on Electron Neutrino Appearance in MINOS (M Orchaniam)Measuring sin22θ13 with the Daya Bay Nuclear Reactors (L Wen) Readership: Graduate students, researchers and academics in the field of subnuclear physics. Keywords:Black Holes;QCD;SUSY;QED;Collider;Attractors

Contents:Hot Theoretical Topics:Ultraviolet Behavior of N = 8 Supergravity (L J Dixon)Is the Best Superstring Model NP Complete? (M R Douglas)Erice Lecture on Microscopic Gravity (G Dvali) Supergravity: Foundations and Applications (S Ferrara)Orienfold String Vacua and Strings at the LHC (D Luest)Seminars on Specialized Topics:Status of Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics (A Bettini)Experimental Evidence for Pointlike Baryons at q2 = 4MB2 (S Pacetti) Neutrino Masses, Dark Matter, Baryon Asymmetry and Inflation can be Explained at Once (M Shaposhnikov)Results from RHIC with Implications for LHC (M J Tannenbaum)Quantum Gravity without Space-Time Singularities or Horizons (G 't Hooft)Diffraction in Deep Inelastic Electron Proton Scattering at HERA (G Wolf)The Lesson Needed for the Future (A Zichichi)Highlights from Laboratories:Highlights from Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (P R Sorensen)The LHC and Beyond — The Energy Frontier (R D Heuer)Highlights from the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (E Coccia)Highlights from Fermilab (S J Parke)Special Sessions for New Talents:Radiation Damage Studies for Silicon Sensors for the XFEL (H Perrey)Notes on Chern–Simons Theory in the Temporal Gauge (A Smirnov)Dark Matter via Many Copies of the Standard Model (A Vikman) Readership: Students, researchers and academics in the field of subnuclear physics. Keywords:Black Holes;QCD;SUSY;QED;Collider;Attractors

Hot Theoretical Topics: Ultraviolet Behavior of N=8 Supergravity (L J Dixon); Is the Best Superstring Model NP Complete? (M R Douglas); Erice Lecture on Microscopic Gravity (G Dvali); Supergravity: Foundations and Applications (S Ferrara); Orienfold String Vacua and Strings at the LHC (D Luest); Seminar on Specialized Topics: Status of Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics (A Bettini); Experimental Evidence for Pointlike Baryons at q2 = 4MB2 (S Pacetti); Neutrino Masses, Dark Matter, Baryon Asymmetry and Inflation can be Explained at Once (M Shaposhnikov); Results from RHIC with Implications for LHC (M J Tannenbaum); Quantum Gravity without Space-Time Singularities or Horizons (G 't Hooft); Diffraction in Deep Inelastic Electron Proton Scattering at HERA (G Wolf); The Lesson Needed for the Future (A Zichichi); Highlights from Laboratories: Highlights from RHIC (P R Sorensen); The LHC and Beyond — The Energy Frontier (R D Heuer); Highlights from the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (E Coccia); Highlights from Fermilab (S J Parke); Special Sessions for New Talents: Radiation Damage Studies for Silicon Sensors for the XFEL (H Perrey); Notes on Chern–Simons Theory in the Temporal Gauge (A Smirnov); Dark Matter via Many Copies of the Standard Model (A Vikman).

Antonino Zichichi has contributed to Predicted and Totally Unexpected in the Energy Frontier Opened by Lhc as an editor.Zichichi-Univ of Bologna, Italy, Natl Inst of Nuclear Physics, Italy