Even though this study was primarily on human traffi cking and prostitution among Edo women and girls of Edo state in Nigeria, human traffi cking, however, is a widespread, visible phenomenon in the world today. It is a global problem. A report from United Nations Offi ce on Drug and Crime in 2014 says that human traffi cking involves over three million people in the world, bringing their slaveholders an annual profi t of 32 billion dollars. According to the same report, there is no place in the world where children, women, and men are safe from human traffi cking. In the background, the stark reality of poverty, unemployment, social marginalization, political crises, wars, interethnic confl icts, and the militarization of entire territories has increased the massive displacements of the population, fuelling the illegal sex trade linked to them. Many youngsters who desire to improve their living conditions and those of their families fl eeing their homes often become prey to criminal organizations who take advantage of them, exploit them, and dehumanize them. Little do they know when they are leaving their homes to go to overseas, what is waiting for them is often something altogether diff erent, namely intimidation, blackmail, violence, nightmare, and slavery that strip them of all dignity and respect. To make matters worse, most of the victims and their families not only lose credibility but are also ostracized by their local communities when what happened comes to light. Th erefore, the victims of this painful chain are not only young girls and boys but also families. Unfortunately, some parents, especially mothers, have also been perpetrators of this deplorable crime. Th ey push their daughters into the arms of their torturers, lulled by the dream of a brighter future. To stop and to prevent the reoccurence of this criminal network of complicity, which has been more or less voluntary, conscious and unconscious, a joint commitment by all governments, organizations, local communities, and individuals is necessary. Everyone needs to remember and never forget that every human being, every person has been created and procreated in the image and likeness of God and is a subject of essential rights, which should never be violated but rather should be respected and upheld by everyone in every time and place.

Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Analysis takes stock of education in Sub-Saharan Africa by drawing on the collective knowledge gained through the preparation of Country Status Reports for more than 30 countries.

Human Settlement Development is a component of Encyclopedia of Institutional and Infrastructural Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Human Settlement Development deals, in nine parts and four volumes , with a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Urban Sustainability and the Regional City System in the Asia Pacific; Peri-Urbanization: Zones of Rural - Urban Transition; Urban Sustainability: Theoretical Perspectives on Integrating Economic Development and the Environment; Rural Sustainability; Using Foreign Direct Investment to Improve Urban Environmental Infrastructure and Services- The Case of Hanoi, Vietnam; The Long Road Towards Sustainable Cities: The Dutch case; Urban Dimensions of Sustainable Development; Rural Development: Participation and Diversity for Sustainability; The Cities, the State and the Markets: In Search of Sustainability These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

A union list of serials commencing publication after Dec. 31, 1949.

This Volume XIV analyses the New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa. Institutional issues and perspectives in designing new growth and poverty alleviation strategies are considered in various case studies (Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Botswana and Tanzania). Other studies deal with institutional problems of resource-rich countries after conflict (Sudan), and with the institutions to enhance environmental protection parallel with economic growth and poverty reduction (Niger). Further studies deal with institutions to bridge the gap between formal and informal entrepreneurial sectors in Kenya and Tanzania. Local issues and perspectives for designing new growth and poverty alleviation strategies are considered in case studies on rural-urban development gaps in Tanzania, and on microfinance as an instrument for new growth and poverty alleviation strategies (Tanzania and Eritrea). A study on small farmers in Ghana provides information on the role they can play in value chains. Two studies on Nigeria highlight the local and the sub-regional health and poverty alleviation programmes and the relation to growth. Book Reviews and Book Notes on the theme are part of the volume. This Volume builds the foundation for a comprehensive strategy of policy reforms in Africa so as to integrate new growth and poverty alleviation strategies. Complementary to Volume XIV is Volume XIII on New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa - International and Regional Perspectives. Both Volumes are of importance for all those who work in African countries as officials, executives, managers, researchers, and policy-makers, but also for all those who actively support Africa's development concerns at the international, regional, country, local and project levels. They will experience this Volume XIV and also the complementary Volume XIII as indispensable sources of insight, reference and inspiration.