The Committee on Currency Features for the Visually Impaired evaluated features that could be incorporated in the production of U.S. banknotes that would enable blind and visually disabled people to more easily determine the denomination of a banknote. This volume describes several features and the assessment methodology used to determine which features could be recommended for inclusion in the short term, which could be recommended for research and possible inclusion in future currency redesigns, and which features were impractical for use in U.S. banknotes. Also included is an outline of the various types of visual disabilities that impair an individual's ability to denominate banknotes. Recommended features and areas of research are described in detail. Banknote and other security document producers, and people interested in addressing needs and opportunities for visually disabled people in the United States will find this book useful.

We study the optimal design of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) in an environment where agents sort into cash, CBDC and bank deposits according to their preferences over anonymity and security; and where network effects make the convenience of payment instruments dependent on the number of their users. CBDC can be designed with attributes similar to cash or deposits, and can be interest-bearing: a CBDC that closely competes with deposits depresses bank credit and output, while a cash-like CBDC may lead to the disappearance of cash. Then, the optimal CBDC design trades off bank intermediation against the social value of maintaining diverse payment instruments. When network effects matter, an interest-bearing CBDC alleviates the central bank's tradeoff.

This is the first book to collect academic studies examining issues related to the potential internationalization of the Renminbi. It considers policy implications, documents the rising regional importance of the Renminbi and discusses key issues in the increasing use of the Renminbi in international trade and finance.

This paper marks the launch of a new IMF series, Fintech Notes. Building on years of IMF staff work, it will explore pressing topics in the digital economy and be issued periodically. The series will carry work by IMF staff and will seek to provide insight into the intersection of technology and the global economy. The Rise of Digital Money analyses how technology companies are stepping up competition to large banks and credit card companies. Digital forms of money are increasingly in the wallets of consumers as well as in the minds of policymakers. Cash and bank deposits are battling with so-called e-money, electronically stored monetary value denominated in, and pegged to, a currency like the euro or the dollar. This paper identifies the benefits and risks and highlights regulatory issues that are likely to emerge with a broader adoption of stablecoins. The paper also highlights the risks associated with e-money: potential creation of new monopolies; threats to weaker currencies; concerns about consumer protection and financial stability; and the risk of fostering illegal activities, among others.

Summary Secure by Design teaches developers how to use design to drive security in software development. This book is full of patterns, best practices, and mindsets that you can directly apply to your real world development. You'll also learn to spot weaknesses in legacy code and how to address them. About the technology Security should be the natural outcome of your development process. As applications increase in complexity, it becomes more important to bake security-mindedness into every step. The secure-by-design approach teaches best practices to implement essential software features using design as the primary driver for security. About the book Secure by Design teaches you principles and best practices for writing highly secure software. At the code level, you’ll discover security-promoting constructs like safe error handling, secure validation, and domain primitives. You’ll also master security-centric techniques you can apply throughout your build-test-deploy pipeline, including the unique concerns of modern microservices and cloud-native designs. What's inside Secure-by-design concepts Spotting hidden security problems Secure code constructs Assessing security by identifying common design flaws Securing legacy and microservices architectures About the reader Readers should have some experience in designing applications in Java, C#, .NET, or a similar language. About the author Dan Bergh Johnsson, Daniel Deogun, and Daniel Sawano are acclaimed speakers who often present at international conferences on topics of high-quality development, as well as security and design.

Traditionally, counterfeit deterrent features restricted counterfeiting to only the dedicated craftsman. With the advent of highly sophisticated reprographic systems, this is no longer true. Redesign of U.S. banknotes is necessary in order to incorporate additional features aimed at discouraging counterfeiting using advanced copiers-scanners-printers. This volume evaluates a large number of such features while recommending a comprehensive national strategy for anticipating and responding to counterfeiting threats.

Presents a novel design that allows for a great deal of customization, which many current methods fail to include; Details a flexible, comprehensive design that can be easily extended when necessary; Proven results: the versatility of the design has been effectively tested in implementations ranging from microcontrollers to supercomputers

The most powerful word in wealth building is choice. Too often, we limit our financial future based on conventional wisdom — on what we’ve heard from the media, or the tropes that we have trained ourselves to believe based on our situation or past. Financial freedom starts with understanding your personal financial drivers. It starts with taking control of your money and leveraging it to create your ideal future — not somebody else’s version of success. In her New York Times Bestseller, Wealthy by Design, Kimberly Foss offers the insight and tools you need to confidently design a sound investment plan that empowers you to make your own choices. By outlining the five, foundational principles of investing, Kimberly prepares readers to map their course with conviction and integrity. Drawing on her vast career of advising clients from all financial backgrounds, as well as her own rise from humble beginnings, Kimberly frames her advice around powerful and enlightening stories — and through them, you will learn how to leverage personality, situation and belief, while applying proven wealth-building strategies to fulfill your needs and dreams for the future. Discover financial empowerment and harness the power of choice, in five easy steps.

Following the companion paper on the new policy challenges related to the adoption of digital forms of money, this paper presents an operational strategy for the IMF to continue delivering on its mandate of ensuring domestic and international financial and economic stability. The paper begins by summarizing the forces driving the adoption of digital forms of money, and the new policy questions that emerge. It then focusses on how the IMF’s core activities and output will need to evolve, including surveillance, capacity development, and analytical foundations. It ends by discusses how the IMF intends to partner with other organization, and to grow and structure internal resources to fulfill this vision.