Code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been widely adopted in cell phones. Its astonishing success has led many to evaluate the promise of this technology for optical networks. This field has come to be known as Optical CDMA (OCDMA). Surveying the field from its infancy to the current state, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications offers the first comprehensive treatment of OCDMA from technology to systems. The book opens with a historical perspective, demonstrating the growth and development of the technologies that would eventually evolve into today's optical networks. Building on this background, the discussion moves to coherent and incoherent optical CDMA coding techniques and performance analysis of these codes in fiber optic transmission systems. Individual chapters provide detailed examinations of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology including theory, design, and applications; coherent OCDMA systems; and incoherent OCDMA systems. Turning to implementation, the book includes hybrid multiplexing techniques along with system examples and conversion techniques to connect networks that use different multiplexing platforms, state-of-the-art integration technologies, OCDMA network security issues, and OCDMA network architectures and applications, including a look at possible future directions. Featuring contributions from a team of international experts led by a pioneer in optical technology, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications places the concepts, techniques, and technologies in clear focus for anyone working to build next-generation optical networks.

This book constitutes selected peer-reviewed proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Signals, machines, and Automation (SIGMA 2022). This book includes papers on technologies related to electric power, manufacturing processes & automation, biomedical & healthcare, communication & networking, image processing, and computation intelligence. The book will serve as a valuable reference resource for beginners as well as advanced researchers in the areas of engineering & technology.

Optical network design and modeling is an essential issue for planning and operating networks for the next century. The main issues in optical networking are being widely investigated, not only for WDM networks but also for optical TDM and optical packet switching. This book contributes to further progress in optical network architectures, design, operation and management and covers the following topics in detail: Optical switching and Teabit networking; Future OTDM and packet switched networks; WDM ring networks; Optical interworking and `packets over wavelength'; Hybrid and switchless networks; Medium access protocols for optical LANs and MANs. This book contains the selected proceedings of the Fourth International Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and held in February 2000, in Athens, Greece. This valuable new book will be essential reading for academic researchers and practitioners working in computer science, electrical engineering, and communications.

Cloud computing has provided multiple advantages as well as challenges to software and infrastructure services. In order to be fully beneficial, these challenges facing cloud specific communication protocols must be addressed. Communication Infrastructures for Cloud Computing presents the issues and research directions for a broad range of cloud computing aspects of software, computing, and storage systems. This book will highlight a broad range of topics in communication infrastructures for cloud computing that will benefit researchers, academics, and practitioners in the active fields of engineering, computer science, and software.

As the Web grows and expands into ever more remote parts of the world, the availability of resources over the Internet increases exponentially. Making use of this widely prevalent tool, organizations and individuals can share and store knowledge like never before. Cloud Technology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications investigates the latest research in the ubiquitous Web, exploring the use of applications and software that make use of the Internet’s anytime, anywhere availability. By bringing together research and ideas from across the globe, this publication will be of use to computer engineers, software developers, and end users in business, education, medicine, and more.

This practical new resource gives you a comprehensive understanding of the design and deployment of transmission networks for wireless applications. From principles and design, to equipment procurement, project management, testing, and operation, it's a practical, hands-on engineering guide with numerous real-life examples of turn-key operations in the wireless networking industry. This book, written for both technical and non-technical professionals, helps you deal with the costs and difficulties involved in setting up the local access with technologies that are still in the evolutionary stage. Issues involved in the deployment of various transmission technologies, and their impact on the overall wireless network topology are discussed. Strategy and approach to transmission network planning, design and deployment are explored. The book offers practical guidelines and advice derived from the author's own experience on projects worldwide. You gain a solid grounding in third generation wireless networks with increased capacity requirements, while learning all about packet data architecture, and how it will impact future transmission network design and deployment.

The integration of fifth generation (5G) wireless technologies with distributed artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming network operations. AI is increasingly embedded in all network elements, from cloud and edge to terminal devices, enabling AI to function as a networking system. This convergence facilitates AI-based applications across the global network, with notable successes in various domains such as computer vision, natural language processing, and healthcare. Networked Artificial Intelligence: AI-Enabled 5G Networking a comprehensive framework for the deep integration of computing and communications, optimizing networks and applications as a unified system using AI. The book covers topics ranging from networked AI fundamentals to AI-enabled 5G networks, including agent modeling, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and network protocol architectures. It discusses how network service providers can leverage AI and ML techniques to customize network baselines, reduce noise, and accurately identify issues. It also looks at AI-driven networks that enable self-correction for maximum uptime and prescriptive actions for issue resolution, as well as troubleshooting by capturing and storing data before network events. The book presents a comprehensive approach to AI-enabled networking that offers unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, reliability, and innovation in telecommunications. It works through the approach’s five steps of connection, communication, collaboration, curation, and community. These steps enhance network effects, empowering operators with insights for trusted automation, cost reduction, and optimal user experiences. The book also discusses AI and ML capabilities that enable networks to continuously learn, self-optimize, and predict and rectify service degradations proactively, even with full automation.

This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications. The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the Inter national Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal, Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was "Closing the Gap Between Theory, Developments and Applications. " The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing sci entific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic tech nology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photon ics present their latest results. The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic tech nology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this technology. The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineer ing. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entre preneurial viewpoint. Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e. g.