Latin America remains a turbulent region, characterized by conflict and increased militarization, despite the existence of regional juridical mechanisms for controlling disputes. In this book, scholars from both Latin and North America collaborate in presenting ten original approaches to containing and resolving conflict in the region. Stressing the need to closely link contemporary approaches to conflict management with the Latin American legalistic tradition, they examine a broad scope of mechanisms ranging from confidence-building measures to arms control agreements. This book is the first systematic attempt to survey arms control and to generate approaches for controlling conflicts in Latin America. Ten original approaches to containing and resolving conflict in Latin America are developed in the successive chapters of this volume.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- Introduction -- Inter-state conflict in Latin America -- Latin America's security architecture -- Significance of Latin American conflict -- Chapter One Sources of conflict -- Inter-state controversies -- The domestic drivers of foreign policy -- Conclusion -- Chapter Two The dynamics of militarisation -- Understanding militarisation -- Political-military strategies -- Strategic balance -- Characteristics of force -- Constituency's willingness to pay costs -- Leader's accountability -- Conclusion -- Chapter Three Latin American hot spots -- Colombia-Ecuador, with Venezuela contributing to tensions -- Nicaragua-Costa Rica -- Bolivia-Chile -- Dominican Republic-Haiti -- Argentina-United Kingdom -- Conclusion -- Chapter Four Preserving the illusion: managing conflict in Latin America -- United States: preoccupied elsewhere -- Brazil's paradox: global aspirations limit regional impact -- The multilaterals: going against the grain -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Appendix One Selected unresolved inter-state disputes in Latin America -- Appendix Two Memberships -- Appendix Three Latin America boundary settlements 2000-2011 -- Notes

This account of the political structure and problems of each Latin American country is current through the early 1980s.

What role does war play in political development? Our understanding of the rise of the nation-state is based heavily on the Western European experience of war. Challenging the dominance of this model, Blood and Debt looks at Latin America's much different experience as more relevant to politics today in regions as varied as the Balkans and sub-Saharan Africa. The book's illuminating review of the relatively peaceful history of Latin America from the late eighteenth through the early twentieth centuries reveals the lack of two critical prerequisites needed for war: a political and military culture oriented toward international violence, and the state institutional capacity to carry it out. Using innovative new data such as tax receipts, naming of streets and public monuments, and conscription records, the author carefully examines how war affected the fiscal development of the state, the creation of national identity, and claims to citizenship. Rather than building nation-states and fostering democratic citizenship, he shows, war in Latin America destroyed institutions, confirmed internal divisions, and killed many without purpose or glory.

Energy projects in Latin America are a major contributor to economic growth worldwide. This book is the first to offer a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of specific issues arising from energy and natural resources contracts and disputes in the region, covering a wide range of procedural, substantive, and socio-legal issues. The book also includes how states have shifted from passive business partners to more active controlling players. The book contains an extensive treatment and examination of the particularities of arbitration practice in Latin America, including arbitrability, public order, enforcement, and the complex public-private nature of energy transactions. Specialists experienced in resolving international energy and natural disputes throughout the region provide detailed analysis of such issues and topics, including: state-owned entities as co-investors or contracting parties; role of environmental law, indigenous rights and public participation; issues related to political changes, corruption, and quantification of damages; climate change, renewable energy, and the energy transition; force majeure, hardship, and price reopeners; arbitration in the electricity sector; take-or-pay contracts; recognition and enforcement of awards; tension between stabilization clauses and human rights; mediation as a method for dispute settlement in the energy and natural resources sector; and different comparative approaches taken by national courts in key Latin American jurisdictions. The book also delivers a clear explanation on the impact made to the arbitration process by Covid-19, emerging laws, changes of political circumstances, the economic global trends in the oil & gas market, the energy transition, and the rise of new technologies. This invaluable book will be welcomed by in-house lawyers, government officials, as well as academics and rest of the arbitration community involved in international arbitration with particular interest in the energy and natural resources sector.

This book explores distinct forms of civil resistance in situations of violent conflict in cases across Latin America, drawing important lessons learned for nonviolent struggles in the region and beyond. The authors analyse campaigns against armed actors in situations of internal armed conflict, against private sector companies that seek to exploit natural resources, and against the state in defence of housing rights, to cite only some scenarios of violent conflict in which people in Latin America have organized to resist imposition by powerful actors and/or confront violence and oppression. Each of the nine cases studied looks at the violent context in which civil resistance took place, its modality, its results and the factors that influenced these, as well as the challenges faced, offering useful insights for scholars and practitioners alike.

"The value of this revision lies in the analysis of recent changes in the relationship between the United States and Latin America set within the highly scholarly approach set up when the book was first written."--International Journal. Themes and Issues

Latin Americans maintain a strong bias against North American interventions. At the same time, Latins perceive that a possible war against Iraq and its leadership would be directed against the wrong foe and in an inappropriate manner. The U.S.-Latin American partnership is an unequal relationship. The result of balancing Latin interests against those of the "Colossus of the North" is a dilemma. In realpolitik terms, it is not intelligent to be a "no show" when the list of supporters is posted. Thus, in the best Colonial tradition, "Obedesco pero no cumplo," (I obey, but I do not comply). Even so, the United States shares with its Latin American neighbors an increasingly and vitally important financial, commercial, and security/stability stake in the political and economic growth of the hemisphere. Any kind of political-economic-social-security deterioration in the region will profoundly affect the health of the U.S. economy, and the concomitant power to act in the global security arena. The continuing U.S. Army responsibility goes beyond the narrow purview of unilateral training and equipping to broader multilateral professional military education (PME) and leader development.