Most would agree that the acquisition of problem-solving ability is a primary goal of education. The emergence of the new information technologiesin the last ten years has raised high expectations with respect to the possibilities of the computer as an instructional tool for enhancing students' problem-solving skills. This volume is the first to assemble, review, and discuss the theoretical, methodological, and developmental knowledge relating to this topical issue in a multidisciplinary confrontation of highly recommended experts in cognitive science, computer science, educational technology, and instructional psychology. Contributors describe the most recent results and the most advanced methodological approaches relating to the application of the computer for encouraging knowledge construction, stimulating higher-order thinking and problem solving, and creating powerfullearning environments for pursuing those objectives. The computer applications relate to a variety of content domains and age levels.

The present volume contains a large number of the papers contributed to the Advanced Study Institute on the Psychological and Educational Foundations of Technology-Based Learning Environments, which took place in Crete in the summer of 1992. The purpose of the Advanced Study Institute was to bring together a small number of senior lecturers and advanced graduate students to investigate and discuss the psychological and educational foundations of technology-based learning environments and to draw the implications of recent research findings in the area of cognitive science for the development of educational technology. As is apparent from the diverse nature of the contributions included in this volume, the participants at the ASI came from different backgrounds and looked at the construction of technology -based learning environments from rather diverse points of view. Despite the diversity, a surprising degree of overlap and agreement was achieved. Most of the contributors agreed that the kinds of technology-supported learning environments we should construct should stimulate students to be active and constructive in their knowledge-building efforts, embed learning in meaningful and authentic activities, encourage collaboration and social interaction, and take into consideration students' prior knowledge and beliefs.

Use computer technology to complement and strengthen your special education program! This book provides practical information, case examples, theory, and a critical summary of applied research about how computer technology can be used to support and improve special education and related services. With Computers in the Delivery of Special Education and Related Services, you'll learn how technology can be used to facilitate an individualized and collaborative approach to learning. Topics of discussion include innovative instruction, consultation, family collaboration, curriculum-based assessment, and professional development. Computers in the Delivery of Special Education and Related Services is a valuable resource in which special services providers can find ways to use computers to enhance individualized instruction and the problem-solving skills of their students, as well as avenues of professional collaboration and support. Computers in the Delivery of Special Education and Related Services presents thoughtful discussions that examine: how computer software can be used in the assessment of students’progress within specific curricula how students can use the Internet to discuss class projects with experts in a process known as ”telementoring” how software can help a school-based consultation team through specific aspects of the problem-solving process, including data collection, intervention selection, team decision documentation, and follow-up ways to use the Internet to create new types of learning communities for students and professionals, extending Vygotsky's notion of ”zone of proximal development” (ZPD) to the community level the advantages and disadvantages of using email with the intention of complementing and strengthening face-to-face collaboration the aspects of home computer use that address a student's special needs the importance of understanding the family's values, expectations, and cultural background Computers in the Delivery of Special Education and Related Services reflects the editors’hope that creative applications of technology will soon transcend the nagging stereotypes of computers (they isolate students, they're too difficult to use, that they lack the flexibility to treat people as individuals). Then computers will be viewed as partners in the process of special education--machines that enhance current practices and open new vistas for learning and education.

This study explores the development of technology in school practice and the lack of women influencing these changes. The second paper, a concise literature review of problem solving, describes theoretical implications of problem solving with attention to learning environments where educational computing using multimedia technology is used to develop problem-solving skills. Impact of student motivation, attribution, self-efficacy, and self-regulation on problem-solving is amplified through the voice of gifted adolescents. The third paper, the result of a research study of gifted adolescent students using multimedia technology, advances the importance of females using computers for problem solving activity. Moreover, this paper describes an "engendered" adolescent computer culture limiting full participation of females in computer-related experiences. Appendices contain relevant research materials plus an accompanying CD-ROM containing individual and focus group interviews, e-mail communications, and evaluations of student work.

Although research in collaborative learning has a fairly long history, dating back at least to the early work of Piaget and Vygotsky, it is only recently that workers have begun to apply some of its findings to the design of computer based learning systems. The early generation of the!le systems focused on their potential for supporting individual learning: learning could be self paced; teaching could be adapted to individual learners' needs. This was certainly the promise of the later generation of intelligent tutoring systems. However, this promise has yet to be realised. Not only are there still some very difficult research problems to solve in providing adaptive learning systems, but there are also some very real practical constraints on the widespread take up of individualised computer based instruction. Reseachers soon began to realise that the organisational, cultural and social contexts of the classroom have to be taken into account in designing systems to promote effective learning. Much of the work that goes on in classrooms is collaborative, whether by design or not. Teachers also need to be able to adapt the technology to their varying needs. Developments in technology, such as networking, have also contributed to changes in the way in which computers may be envisaged to support learning. In September 1989, a group of researchers met in Maratea, Italy, for a NATO-sponsored workshop on "Computer supported collaborative . learning". A total of 20 researchers from Europe (Belgium.

Highlighting and illustrating several important and interesting theoretical trends that have emerged in the continuing development of instructional technology, this book's organizational framework is based on the notion of two opposing camps. One evolves out of the intelligent tutoring movement, which employs artificial-intelligence technologies in the service of student modeling and precision diagnosis, and the other emerges from a constructivist/developmental perspective that promotes exploration and social interaction, but tends to reject the methods and goals of the student modelers. While the notion of opposing camps tends to create an artificial rift between groups of researchers, it represents a conceptual distinction that is inherently more interesting and informative than the relatively meaningless divide often drawn between "intelligent" and "unintelligent" instructional systems. An evident trend is that researchers in both "camps" view their computer learning environments as "cognitive tools" that can enhance learning, performance, and understanding. Cognitive tools are objects provided by the instructional environment that allow students to incorporate new auxiliary methods or symbols into their social problem solving which otherwise would be unavailable. A final section of the book represents researchers who are assimilating and accommodating the wisdom and creativity of their neighbors from both camps, perhaps forming the look of technology for the future. When the idea of model tracing in a computer-based environment is combined with appreciation for creative mind-extension cognitive tools and for how a community of learners can facilitate learning, a camp is created where AI technologists and social constructivist learning theorists can feel equally at home.

For Computers in Education and Instructional Technology courses. This text describes the computer as a necessary classroom tool that not only empowers teachers to teach their students to use computers to solve problems, but also shows teachers how to do the same. The text explains technical matters in language that's understandable to the non-computer savvy, and includes numerous examples drawn from both PC/Windows and Macintosh platforms. The authors use problem-solving models to clarify specific applications, and incorporate national/international standards to create a text that works across a broad educational spectrum. The inspiration for this readable, student-friendly text is the idea that technology should be a means to an end, not the focus of attention.

One side-effect of having made great leaps in computing over the last few decades, is the resulting over-abundance in software tools created to solve the diverse problems. Problem solving with computers has, in consequence, become more demanding; instead of focusing on the problem when conceptualizing strategies to solve them, users are side-tracked by the pursuit of even more programming tools (as available).Computer-Based Problem Solving Process is a work intended to offer a systematic treatment to the theory and practice of designing, implementing, and using software tools during the problem solving process. This method is obtained by enabling computer systems to be more Intuitive with human logic rather than machine logic. Instead of software dedicated to computer experts, the author advocates an approach dedicated to computer users in general. This approach does not require users to have an advanced computer education, though it does advocate a deeper education of the computer user in his or her problem domain logic.This book is intended for system software teachers, designers and implementers of various aspects of system software, as well as readers who have made computers a part of their day-today problem solving.

First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.