Describes how woodland communities in Asia use community forestry to raise incomes and protect the environment. Looks at access and rights to forest products and land, community-based organizations, and the role of NGOs and research institutions.

The main role of local government institutions in any country is to implement state policies. In Bangladesh, local government was not successful as an implementation organization of Social Forestry (SF) policy of early 1980s though the central government and the donors were very much interested in its implementation. Forest management was in very poor condition in our country under the state control due to the inadequacy of the bureaucratic-custodian approach to the forest management. There was an uncompromising zeal of the forest department to regulate their territories from local people. Keeping this in mind, local government body mainly Union Parishad was included as an implementing organization in the policy to solve those problems. The main responsibility of this local body was to bring the farmers together and helped them to form groups. But lack of periodic assessment of performance of the farmers, the role of the local elites, the role of the bureaucrats and patron-client relationship of different actors, i.e. the Union Parishad members, bureaucrats, local elites and farmers have made the implementation of the policy an unsuccessful one. It indicates that the strong willingness of the central government does not always mean that a policy will be implemented properly.

A combination of broad disciplinary coverage and scientific excellence, the Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences will be an indispensable addition to the library of anyone interested in forests, forestry and forest sciences. Packed with valuable insights from experts all over the world, this remarkable set not only summarizes recent advances in forest science techniques, but also thoroughly covers the basic information vital to comprehensive understanding of the important elements of forestry. The Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences also covers relevant biology and ecology, different types of forestry (e.g. tropical forestry and dryland forestry), scientific names of trees and shrubs, and the applied, economic, and social aspects of forest management. Valuable key features further enhance the utility of this Encyclopedia as an exceptional reference tool. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Edited and written by a distinguished group of editors and contributors Well-organized encyclopedic format provides concise, readable entries, easy searches, and thorough cross-references Illustrative tables, figures, and photographs in every entry, produced in full color Comprehensive glossary defines new and important terms Complete, up-to-date coverage of over 60 areas of forest sciences - sure to be of interest to scientists, students, and professionals alike! Editor-in-Chief is the past president of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the oldest international collaborative forestry research organization with over 15,000 scientists from 100 countries

Published in 1998. An International monograph publishing series covering new research into the ‘green’ issues such as government, corporate and public responses to environmental hazards, the economics of green policies and the effectiveness of environmental protection programmes.

This study reviews the literature on the provision of social protection by forest producer organizations, with a specific focus on their role and practices in this regard, the types of benefits they provide, the factors that may enhance or hinder the provision of benefits and the opportunities for taking advantage of these organizations to expand social protection coverage in marginalized communities. Chapter 2 presents evidence of social protection practices. Chapter 3 discusses the enabling factors and constraints to the provision of social protection by forest producer organizations. Chapter 4 discusses the opportunities for expanding social protection coverage via forest producer organizations, while Chapter 5 presents the conclusions of the study.

The contributors consider how social science perspectives can contribute to our understanding of communities and their conflicting choices regarding the allocation and use of forest, agriculture and other natural resources. The topics discussed include community stability, community adjustment to economic and technological change and the public's r

'People's Participation' in community development is a much discussed issue. The high and rapidly growing population in Bangladesh is placing great strain on all resources. Increasing people's voice and influence in the social forestry policy in Bangladesh is believed to be an effective way of improving the condition of the forest sector by increasing access to services of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Bureaucracy has an important role primarily in ensuring people's participation because it is the arm of government intervention in the rural areas. It is the responsibility of bureaucrats to aware local people about the programme especially about the importance of people's participation and help the SF farmers in arranging the project meetings and it is also their duty to make sure that proper participation of farmers is ensured. This article tries to map the role of bureaucrats in ensuring people's participation. It identifies whether the rule-oriented or programme-oriented bureaucrats are required to ensure people's participation in this policy.