This pioneering study of Christian sun symbolism describes how biblical light motifs were taken up with energy in the early Church. Kevin Duffy argues that, living in a world of 24/7 illumination, we need to reconnect with the sun and its light to appreciate the meaning of light in the Bible and Christian tradition. With such a retrieval we can appreciate Pope Francis's insistence that, like the moon, the Church does not shine with its own light, and assess the claim that the Eucharist is to be celebrated 'Ad Orientem', that is towards the rising sun in the East. Liturgy, architecture, poetry and the writings of saints and theologians such as Augustine, Hildegard of Bingen, Francis of Assisi, and Thomas Traherne offer abundant resources for a much needed ressourcement. While Christ was preached as the True Sun among sun-worshipping Aztecs, and the consecrated host was placed in a solar monstrance on Baroque altars, in the modern era solar themes have been neglected. In this accessible work, the author suggests that we rebalance a spiritual symbolism that has over-emphasised darkness and cloud at the expense of light and sun. He proposes a creative retrieval of the traditional title of Christ as the Sun of Justice. This title blends the personal, the social and the cosmic/ecological, and speaks powerfully to a secularising era that contemporaries Friedrich Nietzsche and Thérèse of Lisieux both described as one where the sun does not shine.

This pioneering study of Christian sun symbolism describes how biblical light motifs were taken up with energy in the early Church. Kevin Duffy argues that, living in a world of 24/7 illumination, we need to reconnect with the sun and its light to appreciate the meaning of light in the Bible and Christian tradition. With such a retrieval we can appreciate Pope Francis's insistence that, like the moon, the Church does not shine with its own light, and assess the claim that the Eucharist is to be celebrated 'Ad Orientem', that is towards the rising sun in the East. Liturgy, architecture, poetry and the writings of saints and theologians such as Augustine, Hildegard of Bingen, Francis of Assisi, and Thomas Traherne offer abundant resources for a much needed ressourcement. While Christ was preached as the True Sun among sun-worshipping Aztecs, and the consecrated host was placed in a solar monstrance on Baroque altars, in the modern era solar themes have been neglected. In this accessible work, the author suggests that we rebalance a spiritual symbolism that has over-emphasised darkness and cloud at the expense of light and sun. He proposes a creative retrieval of the traditional title of Christ as the Sun of Justice. This title blends the personal, the social and the cosmic/ecological, and speaks powerfully to a secularising era that contemporaries Friedrich Nietzsche and Thérèse of Lisieux both described as one where the sun does not shine.

The Secret in Medieval Literature explores the many secret agents, actions, creatures, and other beings influencing human existence. Medieval poets had a clear sense of the alternative dimension (the secret) and allowed it to enter quite frequently into their texts.

In this book, The Reverend Doctor J. Billy Beaufils, Pastor, former President of the Mission Théophile in Christ Inc., Current President of the Association of Haitian Evangelical Pastors of Georgia, Veteran in radio broadcasting for 26 years, with a determination, and an extraordinary courage like that of Jeremiah does not stop teaching and exposing the Word of God to the Haitian communities throughout the United States of America, and Haiti. He has just offered us this brilliant and vigorous work which I call an encyclopedia which all Bible teachers should have a copy for reference in their archives. This book is a gift that Dr. Beaufils my friend, my brother, my colleague made for the Haitian and Haitian-American communities, but especially to humanity in general. Let's face it, Dr. Beaufils has shown unfailing honesty in his work by denouncing and exposing the lies of the gods of this century conveyed by false disguised ministers whom our Lord Jesus Christ calls ravening wolves. We know that man is a tragic actor placed in a totally absurd environment where it is impossible for him to satisfy his rational aspirations that some call "The Theater of the Absurd". So, Dr. Beaufils invites us to leave this land of absurdity and encourages us to embark with him on the true path, the path of reality, the path of truth that will lead us to a blessed and happy eternity. Are you ready to take this beautiful and great trip with Dr. Beaufils? Rev. Duvard, Francois, Pastor/Writer, BPA, MAR.

Early Christianity had its origin in the eschatological ministry of Jesus. After his death, his initial followers banded together to form an apocalyptic messianic Jewish sect, known as Judeo- Christians, during the late Second Temple period in the 1st century. Initially, the prevailing belief was that the resurrection of Jesus marked the beginning of the end of times. However, over time, this perspective evolved into anticipating the second coming of Jesus and the beginning of the Kingdom of God at a future time. References: Fredriksen, 2018. Barnett, Paul (2002). Jesus, the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times. InterVarsity Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-8308-2699-8. Alister McGrath, former professor of historical theology at the University of Oxford, claims that many of the “Jewish Christians” of the first century were completely faithful religious Jews.

A Spanish conquistador who posed as a sorcerer and cured native Americans as he trekked across an unknown wilderness; a French Jesuit who conjured rain clouds in order to impress his indigenous flock with the potency of Christian magic; a Puritan minister who healed a native chief in order to win him for God; a Mexican noble who was burned at the stake for resisting the gentle Franciscan friars; an Andean chief who was haunted by nightmares in which his native gods did battle with the Christian Father; a Huron magician who vied with French missionaries over spirits of the night in a shaking tent ceremony. These are a few of the individuals whose struggles are brought to life in the pages of this book. Their experiences, among others, reveal what happened when Christianity came into contact with Native American religions in three distinct regions of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century colonial America: Spanish, French and British.

Is the Bible the word of God? This classic of atheistic literature has the answer, and it's a loud and profound NO! American writer JOSEPH WHELESS (1868-1950) employs all the tools of the logician, from the self-evidence of reason to the words of the very proponents of the attitudes he strives to dismiss, to condemn Christianity as nonsense. Wheless roundly debunks. . the patriarchs and the covenants of Yahweh . the wonders of the Exodus . the forty years in the wilderness . the "ten commandments" and the "law" . the "conquest" of the promised land . the holy priests and prophets of Yahweh . the "prophecies" of Jesus Christ . the inspired "harmony of the Gospels" . the Christian "plan of salvation" . and more. This is a highly provocative work, one that should be explored by believers and doubters alike. ALSO AVAILABLE FROM COSIMO: Wheless's Forgery in Christianity

The early Christian Gnosis did not spring up in isolation, but drew upon earlier sources. In this book, many of these sources are revealed for the first time. Special emphasis is placed on the Hellenistic doctrine of the "Solar Logos" and the early Christian symbolism which depicted Christ as the Spiritual Sun, the illumination source of order, harmony, and spiritual insight. Based on 15 years of research, this is a unique book which throws a penetrating light on the secret traditions of early Christianity. It clearly demonstrates that number is at the heart of being. Jesus Christ, Sun of God, illustrates how the Christian symbolism of the Spiritual Sun is derived from numerical symbolism of the "ancient divinities."

This edited volume offers new perspectives from leading scholars on the important work of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), one of the first Latin American writers to present an intellectual analysis of pre-Columbian history and culture and the ensuing colonial period. To the contributors, Inca Garcilaso's Royal Commentaries of the Incas presented an early counter-hegemonic discourse and a reframing of the history of native non-alphabetic cultures that undermined the colonial rhetoric of his time and the geopolitical divisions it purported. Through his research in both Andean and Renaissance archives, Inca Garcilaso sought to connect these divergent cultures into one world. This collection offers five classical studies of Royal Commentaries previously unavailable in English, along with seven new essays that cover topics including Andean memory, historiography, translation, philosophy, trauma, and ethnic identity. This cross-disciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars of Latin American history, culture, comparative literature, subaltern studies, and works in translation.

Why do we have turkey and Christmas pudding at our Christmas dinner? Why were children encouraged to burn their fingers at Christmas in Victorian England? What was the kissing bough? The answers are in this compendium of the festive season, which is stuffed full of fascinating facts, spiced with extracts of poetry and prose and served with a delightful selection of illustrations. Ancient customs, traditional recipes and the religious beliefs behind all the merry-making are all included in this book, which will delight anyone who loves Christmas and the festive season.